Статьи
Всего статей в данном разделе : 986
Опубликовано на портале: 12-12-2005
Елена Злобина
Социологические исследования.
1999.
№ 10.
С. 53-63.
Автор ставит вопрос о значении обратной связи для успешной управленческой деятельности, о важности информирования управленцев о несоответствии проводимой политики ожиданиям людей. В основу его исследования положены, с одной стороны, данные опросов госслужащих, а с другой – данные всеукраинских опросов весны 1997 г., проведенных Институтом социологии НАН Украины совместно со службой СОЦИС. Сравниваются результаты этих двух опросов по таким позициям, как ожидания изменений в обществе, оценка жизненных приоритетов, факторы, разъединяющие людей в украинском обществе, включенность людей в процесс социальных преобразований, оценка новых возможностей жизнедеятельности, долгосрочный прогноз продолжительности трудностей в стране и др. Сопоставление результатов ответов позволяет автору говорить об определенном несоответствии представлений работников госаппарата с типичными воззрениями рядовых граждан.


Опубликовано на портале: 03-02-2004
Sheetal K. Chand, Albert Jaeger
Occasional Paper (International Monetary Fund).
1996.
No. 147.
This study was originally prepared for a seminar of the Executive Board of the Fund.
It expresses a wide range of views with regard to the appropriate approach to pension
reform and the pertinence of the analysis and recommendations. The study examines
the pension-related aging problem primarily from a fiscal perspective. The focus
is on the industrial countries.

Allowing small businesses and the self-employed to buy health care coverage through public programs [статья]
Опубликовано на портале: 27-02-2004
Sara Rosenbaum, Phyllis C. Borzi, Vernon L. Smith
Inquiry - Excellus Health Plan.
2001.
Vol. 38.
No. 2.
P. 193-195.
The large number of uninsured working Americans and the extent of public support enjoyed by employment-based health insurance argues for a coverage initiative that fosters access to affordable benefits through employment. A proposal which reflects models in both Massachusetts and Michigan is described: it entails the development of publicly organized and subsidized group health insurance for small firms with low-wage workers. States would provide overall administration and subsidies to both employers and employees. The program would be a legislative extension of the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP), with federal financing to participating states at each respective SCHIP rate.

Опубликовано на портале: 31-12-2010
Яна Владимировна Полонская
Журнал исследований социальной политики.
2007.
Т. 5.
№ 1.
С. 133-139.
0


Опубликовано на портале: 03-12-2003
Simon Commander, Andrei Tolstopiatenko, Ruslan Yemtsov
William Davidson Institute Working Papers Series.
1997.
No. 42.
Among the many popular images of the Russian transition, none cast a more dramatic
shadow than the apparently rapid transformation of an entire system from one characterised
by low inequality and largely absent poverty to one marked by extremes of deprivation
and prosperity. Once hailed as a salutary contrast to the extremes of well-being
so characteristic of many economies at comparable levels of income, Russia now exhibits
the tell-tale inequities that mark, for example, many Latin American economies. How
accurate is this representation, both in its depiction of the situation pre-transition,
let alone the consequences of recent changes? This paper is an attempt to answer
these questions in as precise a manner as possible.
The paper is organised as follows. Section 1 gives a brief description of the datasets
— primarily the six rounds of a large household survey, the Russian Longitudinal
Monitoring Survey (RLMS) - that we use in this paper. Section 2 sets out the initial
conditions that obtained in the Former Soviet Union and Russia and the picture that
emerges from use of official statistics. These are shown to be seriously misleading
in a number of key respects. Section 3 deals with the channels of redistribution
that are likely to be present in the transition and surveys the evidence available
from both aggregate data and firm-level information. In Section 4 the key channels
are formalised in a two sector model of transition in which the reallocation of labour
and capital across state and private sectors is seen as the determining feature of
transition. The model is primarily concerned with labour allocation and hence can
provide the paths of inequality and poverty over the transition primarily associated
with labour income. Some simulations are presented which provide a set of simple
benchmarks for understanding the size of likely effects from both within-sector
inequality as also through restructuring and closure probabilities for state firms
and the relative productivity of both state and private sectors. Section 5 turns
to the empirical findings that emerge from a detailed look at the household surveys,
including the factors driving the changes in inequality. Section 6 looks at how stable
the transitions over the income distribution have been and, in particular, takes
a closer look at groups of stable winners and losers. Section 7 turns to the measurement
of poverty and the results that emerge from the household survey regarding both expenditure
and income measured poverty. We also look at the characteristics of the poor. Section
8 concludes.

Опубликовано на портале: 31-12-2010
Дина Владимировна Мазнева
Журнал исследований социальной политики.
2004.
Т. 2.
№ 2.
С. 289-293.
0


Опубликовано на портале: 13-02-2004
Martin Rain, Anne-Marie Guillemard
Antitrust Law and Economics Review.
1993.
Vol. 19.
P. 469-503.
This essay reviews the changes in the age structure of modern labor markets that
have led to a dramatic decline in the employment of older workers. We document this
trend and explore future trends, examine different explanations of the role of the
welfare state. the labor market. and the life course. Each of these perspectives
offers different views into the social meaning of early retirement.

Comparing Poverty Rates Internationally: Lessons from recent studies in developed
countries [статья]
Опубликовано на портале: 01-12-2003
Anthony B. Atkinson
World Bank Economic Review.
1991.
Vol. 5.
No. 1.
P. 3-21.
Studies comparing poverty in different countries frequently inform the evaluation
of past policies and the formulation of future policies for reducing poverty. If
the comparisons are to be a valid foundation for such assessments, in particular
if they are to be a guide to the effective allocation of funds, the underlying concepts
must be examined and defined. This article discusses four issues that are critical
in this respect: the choice of poverty indicator, the determination of the poverty
line, the unit of analysis, and the choice of equivalance scale. A selection of studies
of poverty in countries that belong to the Organization for Economic Cooperation
and Development is used to show how the choices made in defining these indicators
affect the findings about the extent and composition of the poor population. Although
the context is different, the experience of rich countries may yield useful lessons
for developing countries.

Опубликовано на портале: 25-02-2005
Donald Bruce Johnstone
ICHEFAP Publications.
2003.
Эта статья изучает историю распределения затрат на обучение в европейском высшем образовании. В качестве одного из способов финансирования высшего образования рассматриваются займы, объем которых зависит от дохода (income contingent loans), они призваны компенсировать студенту повседневные затраты, плату за обучение или и то, и другое.



Опубликовано на портале: 02-12-2003
Francois Bourguignon
Econometrica.
1979.
Vol. 47.
No. 4.
P. 901-920.
A decomposable inequality measure is defined as a measure such that the total inequality
of a population can be broken down into a weighted average of the inequality existing
within subgroups of the population and the inequality existing between them. Thus,
decomposable measures differ only by the weights given to the inequality within the
subgroups of the population. It is proven that the only zero-homogeneous "income-weighted"
decomposable measure is Theil's coefficient (T) and that the only zero-homogeneous
"population-weighted" decomposable measure is the logarithm of the arithmetic mean
over the geometric mean (L). More generally, it is proved that T and L are the only
decomposable inequality measures such that the weight of the "within-components"
in the total inequality of a partitioned population sum to a constant. More general
decomposable measures are also analyzed.


Опубликовано на портале: 03-12-2003
Simon Kuznets
American Economic Review.
1955.
Vol. 45.
No. 1.
P. 1-28.
The process of industrialization engenders increasing income inequality as the labor
force shifts from low-income agriculture to the high income sectors. On more advanced
levels of development inequality starts decreasing and industrialized countries are
again characterized by low inequality due to the smaller weight of agriculture in
production (and income generation).


Опубликовано на портале: 31-12-2010
Журнал исследований социальной политики.
2007.
Т. 5.
№ 2.
С. 270-277.
0

From Poverty to Perversity: Ideas, Markets, and Institutions over 200 Years of Welfare Debate. [статья]
Опубликовано на портале: 30-01-2007
Fred L. Block, Margaret R. Somers
American Sociological Review.
2005.
Vol. 70.
No. 2.
P. 260-287.
To understand the rise of market fundamentalism from the margins of influence to mainstream hegemony, we compare the US. 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunities Reconciliation Act and the English 1834 New Poor Law-two episodes in which existing welfare regimes were overturned by market-driven ones. Despite dramatic differences across the cases, both outcomes were mobilized by "the perversity thesis "-a public discourse that reassigned blame for the poor's condition from "poverty to perversity." We use the term "ideational embeddedness" to characterize the power of such ideas to shape, structure, and change market regimes. The success of the perversity thesis is based on the foundations of social naturalism, theoretical realism, and the conversion narrative. In the poverty to perversity conversion narrative, structural blame for poverty is discredited as empiricist appearance while the real problem is attributed to the corrosive effects of welfare's perverse incentives on poor people themselves-they become sexually promiscuous, thrust aside personal responsibility, and develop long-term dependency. This claim enables market fundamentalism to delegitimate existing ideational regimes, to survive disconfirming data, and to change the terms of debate from social problems to the timeless forces of nature and biology. Coupling economic sociology with a sociology of ideas, we argue that ideas count but not all ideas are created equal. Only some have the capacity to fuel radical transformations in the ideational embeddedness of markets.

Опубликовано на портале: 05-04-2013
Элла Львовна Панеях
Laboratorium. Журнал социальных исследований.
2012.
№ 3.
С. 139-142.
Книга французского социолога Жиля Фавареля-Гаррига, впервые опубликованная на французском языке в 2007 году и недавно вышедшая в английском переводе, посвящена анализу борьбы с экономической преступностью в СССР и России с 1965 года по середину 1990-х годов.


Опубликовано на портале: 26-12-2010
Вестник общественного мнения: Данные. Анализ. Дискуссии.
2008.
Т. 97.
№ 5.
С. 75-79.
21–24 октября 2008 г. в Москве состоялся III Всероссийский социологический конгресс «Социология и общество: пути взаимодействия». Его организаторами были Институт социологии и Институт социально-политических исследований РАН, соорганизаторами – Государственный университет – Высшая школа экономики и Российское общество социологов. В рамках съезда прошло более 130-ти заседаний по 20 сессиям, 36 секциям, 28 круглым столам. Публикуем тезисы докладов и сообщений сотрудников Левада-Центра на этом съезде.

