Economics Working Paper Archive at WUSTL
Опубликовано на портале: 03-05-2005
Joseph Farrell, Richard J. Gilbert, Michael L. Katz
Economics Working Paper Archive at WUSTL.
2002.
No. 0303006.
We examine the effects of market structure and the internal organization of firms
on equilibrium R&D projects. We compare a monopolist’s choice of R&D portfolio
to that of a welfare maximizer. We next show that Sah and Stiglitz’s finding
that the market portfolio of R&D is independent of the number of firms under Bertrand
competition extends to neither Cournot oligopoly nor a cartel. We also show that
the ability of firms to pre-empt R&D by rivals along particular research paths can
lead to socially excessive R&D diversification. Lastly, using Sah and Stiglitz’s
definition of hierarchy, we establish conditions under which larger hierarchies invest
in smaller portfolios.
Опубликовано на портале: 03-05-2005
Richard J. Gilbert, Justine Hastings
Economics Working Paper Archive at WUSTL.
2002.
No. 0201001.
This paper explores the relationship between the structure of the market for the reÞning and distribution of gasoline and the wholesale price of unbranded gasoline sold to independent gasoline retailers. Theoretically, the eect of an increase in vertical integration is ambiguous because opposing forces act to increase and decrease wholesale prices. We empirically examine the eects of vertical and horizontal market structures on wholesale prices using both a broad panel and an event analysis. The panel covers twenty-six metropolitan areas from January 1993 through June 1997. The event is a merger of Tosco and Unocal in 1997 that changed the vertical and horizontal structure of thirteen West Coast metropolitan areas. Both data sets show that an increase in the degree of vertical integration is associated with higher wholesale prices.
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