Статьи
Всего статей в данном разделе : 5
Опубликовано на портале: 03-12-2003
Simon Commander, Andrei Tolstopiatenko, Ruslan Yemtsov
William Davidson Institute Working Papers Series.
1997.
No. 42.
Among the many popular images of the Russian transition, none cast a more dramatic
shadow than the apparently rapid transformation of an entire system from one characterised
by low inequality and largely absent poverty to one marked by extremes of deprivation
and prosperity. Once hailed as a salutary contrast to the extremes of well-being
so characteristic of many economies at comparable levels of income, Russia now exhibits
the tell-tale inequities that mark, for example, many Latin American economies. How
accurate is this representation, both in its depiction of the situation pre-transition,
let alone the consequences of recent changes? This paper is an attempt to answer
these questions in as precise a manner as possible.
The paper is organised as follows. Section 1 gives a brief description of the datasets
— primarily the six rounds of a large household survey, the Russian Longitudinal
Monitoring Survey (RLMS) - that we use in this paper. Section 2 sets out the initial
conditions that obtained in the Former Soviet Union and Russia and the picture that
emerges from use of official statistics. These are shown to be seriously misleading
in a number of key respects. Section 3 deals with the channels of redistribution
that are likely to be present in the transition and surveys the evidence available
from both aggregate data and firm-level information. In Section 4 the key channels
are formalised in a two sector model of transition in which the reallocation of labour
and capital across state and private sectors is seen as the determining feature of
transition. The model is primarily concerned with labour allocation and hence can
provide the paths of inequality and poverty over the transition primarily associated
with labour income. Some simulations are presented which provide a set of simple
benchmarks for understanding the size of likely effects from both within-sector
inequality as also through restructuring and closure probabilities for state firms
and the relative productivity of both state and private sectors. Section 5 turns
to the empirical findings that emerge from a detailed look at the household surveys,
including the factors driving the changes in inequality. Section 6 looks at how stable
the transitions over the income distribution have been and, in particular, takes
a closer look at groups of stable winners and losers. Section 7 turns to the measurement
of poverty and the results that emerge from the household survey regarding both expenditure
and income measured poverty. We also look at the characteristics of the poor. Section
8 concludes.

Опубликовано на портале: 12-01-2004
A. F. Shorrocks
Econometrica.
1982.
Vol. 50.
No. 1.
P. 193-212.
This paper disaggregates the income of individuals or households into different factor
components, such as earnings, investment income, and transfer payments, and considers
how to assess the contributions of these sources to total income inequality. In the
approach adopted, a number of basic principles of decomposition are proposed and
their implications for the assignment of component contributions are examined.

Опубликовано на портале: 13-12-2003
Anthony B. Atkinson, Lee Rainwater, Timothy Smeeding
Luxembourg Income Study Working Paper Series.
1995.
No. 121.
The aim of this paper is to assemble empirical evidence about the personal distribution
of
income, and the trends in income inequality over time, in the countries of Europe
in the 1980s. It
encompasses fifteen European countries: the Nordic countries, Switzerland, and all
12 members
of the European Community (in 1994) apart from Greece. The United States is included
as a
point of reference.



Опубликовано на портале: 03-12-2003
Ruslan Yemtsov
World Bank Poverty Net.
2002.
This paper analyzes regional data on inequality and poverty in Russia over the period
1994-2000 using published series from the regionally representative Household Budget
Survey. The paper finds that the share of inequality in Russia coming from the between-regions
component is large (close to a third of the total inequality), growing over time,
and accounting for most of the increase in the national inequality over 1994-2000.
The paper demonstrates an absence of inter-regional convergence in incomes across
Russian regions using various techniques, such as beta, sigma convergence and the
transition matrix approach. On the other hand, the paper finds an evidence of convergence
in the inequality within regions, which is trended towards an internationally high
level. Based on these two findings, the paper projects dynamics of inequality and
poverty in Russia over a ten years time horizon. Projections show that if the observed
trend is to continue in the future, by 2010 the absolute majority of the Russia’s
poor will be concentrated in few permanently impoverished regions, while relatively
more affluent regions will become virtually free of poverty. Finally, the paper
relates fluctuations in the inequality within regions to a set of factors determining
the speed of restructuring at the regional level, classified into four broad categories:
endowments and initial conditions, preferences, policies, and shocks; among these
factors short run fluctuations of the unemployment rate are revealed as significant
and strong correlates of inequality.


Опубликовано на портале: 23-04-2004
Лилия Николаевна Овчарова, Евгений Владимирович Турунцев, Ирина Ивановна Корчагина
EERC Working Papers.
1998.
Авторы делают попытку переоценить официальные данные о масштабах бедности в России,
применяя стандартную методологию определения бедности вместо методологических подходов,
используемых российскими государственными институтами (Госкомстатом, Минэкономики,
Минтруда). Вместо критерия душевых денежных доходов для сопоставления с величиной
прожиточного минимума используется показатель душевых потребительских расходов семьи,
включающих в себя не только денежные расходы домохозяйств, но и денежную оценку потребления
продуктов питания, произведенных в личном подсобном хозяйстве. В докладе предложена
широкая концепция бедности, с учетом наличия таких важнейших составных частей экономического
потенциала домохозяйств, как движимое и недвижимое имущество.

