Статьи
Всего статей в данном разделе : 45
Опубликовано на портале: 25-10-2007
Reuven Glick, Andrew K. Rose
Journal of Intrernational Money and Finance.
1999.
Vol. 18.
No. 4.
P. 603-617.
Currency crises tend to be regional; they affect countries in geographic proximity.
This suggests that patterns of international trade are important in understanding
how currency crises spread, above and beyond any macroeconomic phenomena. We provide
empirical support for this hypothesis. Using data for five different currency crises
(in 1971, 1973, 1992, 1994, and 1997) we show that currency crises affect clusters
of countries tied together by international trade. By way of contrast, macroeconomic
and financial influences are not closely associated with the cross-country incidence
of speculative attacks. We also show that trade linkages help explain cross-country
correlations in exchange market pressure during crisis episodes, even after controlling
for macroeconomic factors
Опубликовано на портале: 02-11-2012
G. Fainstein, A. Netsunajev
Экономические науки.
2012.
№ 2.
С. 348-352.
Trade with the EU has been a priority for Estonian foreign trade since the early 1990s. Inthis paper, authors investigate development of Estonian trade commodity flows into theEU market in 1991-2007. Three main issues are analysed: first, changes in commoditycomposition of export and import; second, development of Estonian comparativeadvantage; third, intra-industry trade and some of its most relevant aspects.
Опубликовано на портале: 16-12-2003
Константин Константинович Козлов
РЭШ: лучшие студенческие работы.
1999.
BSP/99/029.
This paper deals with the export competitiveness for members of Russian Financial
Industrial Groups (FIGs). Enterprise-level data based on Goscomstat database are
used to
empirically compare export shares and their change for members of FIGs with those
of nonmembers. Both officially registered and informal FIGs are studied. This research
includes the
whole sample of exporting firms from all industries. It was found that members of
FIGs, both
registered and unregistered, seem to be more competitive when exporting, if compared
with nonmembers in the framework of used econometric model. Further, registered FIGs
seem to have
similar advantages as unofficial if compared with non-members implying that registering
a FIG is
not a negative signal from the point of view of export competitiveness.
В портале имеется рецензия на данную статью.
Опубликовано на портале: 24-10-2007
Xenia Matschke
Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik.
1999.
No. 219.
P. 438-457.
In a static supergame context, a model is presented in which a foreign and a domestic
firm form a cartel for selling a homogeneous good. In order to maximize joint cartel
profit, the two firms have agreed to restrict sales to their own home market. Due
to transfer costs, this market split paretodominates other cartel solutions. Side
payments are assumed to be feasible. The introduction of an import quota may affect
cartel stability as measured by a so-called critical interest rate. The two-country
setting and the feasibility of side payments lead to results very different from
previous findings that mild import regulations foster cartelization whereas severe
restrictions destabilize quantity-setting cartels.
Optimal Currency Areas [статья]
Опубликовано на портале: 25-10-2007
Alberto Alesina, Robert J. Barro, Silvana Tenreyro
NBER Macroeconomics Annual.
2002.
Vol. 17.
As the number of independent countries increases and their economies become more integrated, we would expect to observe more multi-country currency unions. This paper explores the pros and cons for different countries to adopt as an anchor the dollar, the euro, or the yen. Although there appear to be reasonably well-defined euro and dollar areas, there does not seem to be a yen area. We also address the question of how trade and co-movements of outputs and prices would respond to the formation of a currency union. This response is important because the decision of a country to join a union would depend on how the union affects trade and co-movements
Product market Competition in Transition Economies: Increasing Varieties and Consumer
Loyalty [статья]
Опубликовано на портале: 22-12-2003
Mitsutoshi M. Adachi
Journal of Comparative Economics.
2005.
No. 28.
P. 700-715.
This paper analyzes product market competition between foreign entrants and former
SOEs in transition markets with respect to expansion of product variety and consumer
loyalty formation. While the market share motive induces the more efficient foreign
entrant to price aggressively, the extent of this behavior depends critically on
its relative efficiency vis-a-vis the local incumbent. If the efficiency gap exceeds
some threshold value, the entrant exploits increasingly its cost advantages by raising
price rather than investing in market share. Our result suggests that immediate restructuring
of former SOEs is important to realize fully the competitive benefits of opening
local markets.
Опубликовано на портале: 31-12-2010
Gerard Duchene
Экономический журнал ВШЭ.
1999.
Т. 3.
№ 4.
С. 503-528.
The paper discusses the factors which explain the spread of the output decline across
various industries of the Former Soviet Union. Russia and Ukraine are compared on
the period 1990-95. Several traditional explanations, such as the move away from
military oriented production, the replacement of the planner's preferences by consumer
preferences, the disruption of the intransoviet trade relations, the change in the
relative price of products when countries opened to foreign trade, and the change
in factor endowments due to the split of the FSU, are all examined. Although some
of these factors do have an influence on the relative growth (decline) of various
industries ikn both countries, they fail to explain most of the variance of this
growth (decline). Another explanatory factor is thus envisaged, namely the quality
content of each industry. Quality is measured by two characteristics, the diversity
(number of products made by a given industry) and the variety (Grubel-Lloyd ratio
or degree of intra-industry trade), both indicators beeing measured for a typical
western economy. The tests show that both Ukraine and Russia are weak at producing
high quality complex goods and relatively better off producing standard homogenous
commodities. The quality shock thus appears more important than the price shock to
explain the dramatic decline of some ex-soviet industries.
Опубликовано на портале: 25-10-2007
Xenia Matschke
Journal of International Economics.
2003.
No. 61.
P. 209-223.
This paper investigates the equivalence of optimal import tariffs and quotas in a
Cournot
duopoly model when firms have more information about demand than the domestic
government. The author considers a screening model in which the government offers
the domestic firm
different contracts from which to choose. She shows that the availability and cost
of obtaining
correct information from the firm depends upon the choice of trade policy instrument.
Asymmetric information thus destroys the equivalence of tariffs and quotas, which
prevails
under complete information, and has a profound impact on how government, firms, and
consumers rank different trade policy instruments.
Опубликовано на портале: 24-12-2003
Nagaoka Sadao, Kumura Fukunari
Journal of the Japanese and International Economies.
1999.
No. 13.
P. 397-423 .
This paper analyzes the competitive impact of the recent import liberalization of
the Japanese oil product market. In response to the import liberalization in March
1996, not only did the market price of gasoline decline sharply but also its domestic
production kept rising and did not decline relative to imports. Moreover, its price
fell substantially before the actual liberalization of the import. This paper demonstrates
both theoretically and empirically that the theory of implicit cartel can explain
such features of the impact of import liberalization very well. The paper also identifies
the significantly positive welfare impact of such liberalization due to the expansion
of supply in a market with a large tax wedge between price and cost and, possibly
more importantly, due to the transformation of competitive conduct from unproductive
investment for cartel-rent shifting into price cuts.
Опубликовано на портале: 29-10-2007
Ion Botescu
Theoretical and Applied Economics.
2007.
P. 45-48.
The intensification of the globalization of the world economy is the result of the
amplification and diversification without precedent of the material, financial and
human flows between the world’s states. The international commerce has known
in the last period o strong expansion, almost uninterrupted, surpassing the industrial
production growth and PIB on a world scale. Among the PIB evolution and the evolution
of the world commerce there is a strong relationship of correlation, fact shown by
the linear correlation coefficient. The structure on exports of country categories
confirms the fact that the process of globalization has been fully completed in the
world. Romania, through its achieved economic opening, has boosted its participation
to the international economic trades. In this way there is a chance for Romania’s
economy in the future to become more competitive, even though in the present our
country faces serious problems concerning the strong deficit of the foreign trade
balance.
Опубликовано на портале: 11-08-2011
А.С. Васильев
Экономические науки.
2010.
Т. 62.
№ 1.
С. 474-478.
В статье автор рассматривает некоторые тенденции развития стратегических альянсов с участием европейских фармацевтических и биотехнологических компаний. По мнению автора, проблема развития за счет слияний и поглощений или создания стратегических альянсов является особенно актуальной в отношении фармацевтической и биотехнологической отрасли.
Опубликовано на портале: 07-08-2007
Н. Н. Киселева
В статье рассматриваются вопросы и проблемы социально-экономического развития регионов Юга России, исследуются социально-экономические эффекты от включенности регионов ЮФО в мировую торговлю на основе анализа взаимосвязи основных внешнеэкономических и социально-экономических показателей. Результаты исследования говорят о первоочередной важности внешнеэкономической деятельности для ЮФО, о необходимости повышения роли регионов ЮФО в мировой торговле.
Опубликовано на портале: 09-06-2011
М.М. Козеняшева
Экономические науки.
2010.
Т. 65.
№ 4.
С. 221-230.
В статье рассматриваются актуальные проблемы, связанные с формированием цен на нефть и нефтепродукты на внутреннем рынке РФ, анализируются причины, обусловливающие возрастание роли внешних факторов, в первую очередь, влияние изменения мировой цены на нефть сорта Brent на формирование внутренней цены на нефть в стране, а также слабость внутренних факторов ценообразования. Научно-информационный журнал «Экономические науки»
Опубликовано на портале: 09-10-2016
Григорий Германович Попов, Е.И. Чибисова
TERRA ECONOMICUS.
2016.
Т. 14.
№ 3.
С. 87-100.
Настоящая статья посвящена проблеме влияния хлебного экспорта Российской империи на внутренние цены на хлеб. В работе предлагается контрфактическая модель развития хлебного рынка России в случае прекращения экспорта зерна за рубеж. Авторы обращаются к более широкому кругу вопросов, включающих не только хлебный экспорт России в начале прошлого века, но и вопросы неоклассических теорий внешней торговли. Анализируется влияние хлебного экспорта на платежный баланс Российской империи и на объемы и структуру инвестиций. В этой связи доказывается, что рост экспорта хлеба негативным образом сказывался на инвестициях в обрабатывающую промышленность, и наоборот . Авторы приходят к выводу, что экспорт трудоемких товаров из страны может спровоцировать отток капитала в страны, специализирующиеся на выпуске капиталоемких товаров, поскольку экспорт трудоемкой продукции снижает спрос на капитал. Вывоз капитала из Российской империи перед Первой мировой войной был настолько масштабным, что вынуждал правительство обращаться к внешним займам. В этой связи авторы ставят под сомнение, что положительный платежный баланс имеет всегда позитивный характер для национальной экономики. Поэтому хлебный экспорт России имел негативные последствия в долгосрочной перспективе, замедляя модернизацию, неся при этом положительные тенденции для сельского хозяйства страны, особенно ее югозападных регионов. Однако авторы считают, что наращивание хлебного экспорта было предопределено самим характером потребления продовольствия в Российской империи. В этой связи авторы пытаются провести параллели с современной ситуацией в российской экономике в контексте темы «сырьевого проклятья».
Опубликовано на портале: 22-11-2011
Н.В. Лукьянович
Экономические науки.
2009.
№ 8.
С. 373-382.
Статья посвящена проблемам формирования внешней энергетической политики России в условиях мирового экономического кризиса. На основе анализа существующих тенденций в экспорте энергоресурсов Российской Федерации автором сформулированы ведущие направления повышения эффективности внешней энергетической политики страны. В статье определено значение экспорта энергоносителей для перехода страны на инновационный путь развития экономики, доказывается необходимость товарной и географической диверсификации поставок энергоносителей в зарубежные страны.
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