Экономика » Экономика отраслевых рынков » Аграрная экономика » Рынки агропродовольственной продукции
Всего публикаций в данном разделе: 6
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Опубликовано на портале: 31-12-2003
John C. Beghin, Jean-Christophe Bureau, Sophie Drogue
Durban, 2003
We introduce an easily implemented and flexible calibration technique for
partial demand systems,
combining recent developments in incomplete demand systems and a set of restrictions
conditioned on the
available elasticity-estimates. The technique accommodates various degrees
of knowledge on cross-price
elasticities, satisfies curvature restrictions, and allows the recovery of an exact
welfare measure for policy
analysis. The technique is illustrated with a partial demand system for
food consumption in Korea for
different states of knowledge on cross-price effects. The consumer welfare impact
of food and agricultural
trade liberalization is measured.


Опубликовано на портале: 31-12-2003
David L Debertin
USA: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1992, 366 с.
Один из основных учебников, используемых при изучении экономики аграрного производства.
В издании рассматривается специфика аграрного производства, делаются спецификации
для производственных функций. Процесс производства анализируется как со стороны используемых
ресурсов, так и выпуска готовой продукции.

Опубликовано на портале: 29-11-2003
Bruno Henry De Frahan, Christian Tritten
2002
This paper proposes a partial equilibrium displacement model that differentiates
wheat
according to its end-use and country of origin to investigate the impact of alternative
European trade
policies on wheat supply and demand in France. Transmission, demand and supply elasticities
are
estimated for each class and origin of wheat. Simulation results show that rebalancing
trade protection
across wheat classes encourages domestic supply of high quality wheat and displaces
imports from
North America.


Опубликовано на портале: 04-01-2004
Rafaela Dios Palomares, Jose Miguel Martinez Paz
Zaragoza, 2002
This study investigated the efficiency and productivity change of a
sample of food distribution units (MERCAs) in Spain over the 1.997-1.999
period, applying non-parametric frontier methodology in a sales efficiency
framework.
We specified a mean sales model composed of two blocks of variables,
the production block, and the marketing management block. Then we
applied output oriented DEA methodology to perform the efficiency analysis,
also taking into account the overall efficiency decomposition into pure and
scale efficiency. The Malmquist index was calculated in order to analyse the
components of the productivity change.
The mean pure sales efficiency index was high, around 0.8, the mean scale index being 0,9. As appears from the results, six food distribution units were efficient, but some of the wholesale markets need to adapt their sales technology in order that their input bundle reaches a Most Productive Scale Size unit.
We found no evidence of technical change during the period considered, but concluded that a notable scale efficiency change took place during the studied period.
To summarise, we conclude that improvement in sales efficiency could be reached in the studied sector in both the pure and the scale efficiency.
The mean pure sales efficiency index was high, around 0.8, the mean scale index being 0,9. As appears from the results, six food distribution units were efficient, but some of the wholesale markets need to adapt their sales technology in order that their input bundle reaches a Most Productive Scale Size unit.
We found no evidence of technical change during the period considered, but concluded that a notable scale efficiency change took place during the studied period.
To summarise, we conclude that improvement in sales efficiency could be reached in the studied sector in both the pure and the scale efficiency.


Опубликовано на портале: 30-11-2003
Paul Dorosh, Moataz El-Said, Hans Lofgren
2003
In Uganda, as in much of sub-Saharan Africa, poverty is concentrated in
rural areas. Because agriculture
accounts for a large share of incomes for these households, policies and
external shocks that affect
agriculture, including shifts in world prices, changes in agricultural productivity,
and reductions in marketing
costs, may have significant effects on rural poverty. In this paper, we use a Computable
General Equilibrium
(CGE) model of the Ugandan economy, explicitly designed to capture regional
variations in agricultural
production and household incomes, to examine the implications of these policy changes
and shocks.
Simulation results suggest that a doubling of area planted to coffee (the government.s target) would increase rural consumption by less than 2.0 percent, because of an estimated 10 percent decline in the world price of robusta coffee and an 11.3 percent real exchange rate appreciation of the Ugandan shilling. Smaller productivity increases in food crops may have greater potential to raise rural incomes, provided that markets perform well and producer incentives are maintained. A five percent increase in agricultural productivity raises consumption by 1.3 to 2.1 percent among rural households and lowers food prices by 3.4 to 3.8 percent relative to the CPI, thus benefiting households with high food consumption shares. Reducing agricultural marketing margins by 30 percent leads to increases of 2.3 to 4.1 percent in consumption of farm households, with the largest gains in regions where consumption out of own production is lower.
Simulation results suggest that a doubling of area planted to coffee (the government.s target) would increase rural consumption by less than 2.0 percent, because of an estimated 10 percent decline in the world price of robusta coffee and an 11.3 percent real exchange rate appreciation of the Ugandan shilling. Smaller productivity increases in food crops may have greater potential to raise rural incomes, provided that markets perform well and producer incentives are maintained. A five percent increase in agricultural productivity raises consumption by 1.3 to 2.1 percent among rural households and lowers food prices by 3.4 to 3.8 percent relative to the CPI, thus benefiting households with high food consumption shares. Reducing agricultural marketing margins by 30 percent leads to increases of 2.3 to 4.1 percent in consumption of farm households, with the largest gains in regions where consumption out of own production is lower.


Опубликовано на портале: 30-11-2003
Jay Fabiosa, John C. Beghin, Stephane de Cara, Cheng Fang, Murat Isik, Holger Matthey
2003
Using a partial equilibrium model of world agriculture, we investigate the multilateral
removal of all border
taxes and farm programs and their distortion of world agricultural markets. These
distortions have significant
terms-of-trade effects. World trade is also significantly impacted by both
types of distortions. Trade
expansion is substantial for most commodities, especially dairy, meats, and vegetable
oils. Net agricultural
and food exporters (Brazil, Australia, and Argentina) emerge with expanded exports;
whereas net importing
countries with limited distortions before liberalization are penalized by
higher world markets prices and
reduced imports. The US gains significant export shares in livestock products
and imports more dairy
products. Without protection and domestic subsidies, the EU loses many
of its livestock and dairy export
markets.

