Экономика » Экономика отраслевых рынков » Аграрная экономика » Рынки агропродовольственной продукции
Всего публикаций в данном разделе: 51
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Опубликовано на портале: 30-11-2003
R. Barrena, M. Sanchez, A. Gracia, Jose Maria Gil
2002
Recent food scares in the food market has caused a reduction in consumer’s
confidence
in the food system that it has induced a significant reduction in consumption in
a sector,
the beef sector that was already characterized by a saturated trend in quantity terms.
In
this context, all participants in the beef production system are facing to a greatchallenge,
to retrieve consumer’s confidence in the food chain and to mitigate the reduction
in beef consumption. The aim of the paper is to analyse the impact of consumer’s
confidence in the food system as well as other factors on the explanation of food
consumption reduction. A structural modelling approach has been used to analyse factors
affecting the reduction in beef consumption in two different regions characterised
by different production systems and different marketing strategies (PGI beef label).
Results indicate that main factor explaining the reduction in beef
consumption is the confidence in the beef and a positive relation has been found.
Moreover, confidence in a product is directly related to the perceived quality offered
by farmers and other decision makers on the beef chain, and to the consumer involvement
with the product. Therefore, the main implication is that participants in the food
chain has to develop adequate communication strategies such as quality labelling
in order to increase consumers perceive quality because, higher quality perception
will recover consumers’ confidence in beef, and therefore, it will mitigate
beef consumption reduction.


Опубликовано на портале: 31-12-2003
John C. Beghin, Jean-Christophe Bureau, Sophie Drogue
Durban, 2003
We introduce an easily implemented and flexible calibration technique for
partial demand systems,
combining recent developments in incomplete demand systems and a set of restrictions
conditioned on the
available elasticity-estimates. The technique accommodates various degrees
of knowledge on cross-price
elasticities, satisfies curvature restrictions, and allows the recovery of an exact
welfare measure for policy
analysis. The technique is illustrated with a partial demand system for
food consumption in Korea for
different states of knowledge on cross-price effects. The consumer welfare impact
of food and agricultural
trade liberalization is measured.


Опубликовано на портале: 24-12-2003
Catherine Benjamin, Chantal Gueguen, Magalie Houee
Durban, 2003
Previous quantitative assessments of likely impacts of recent reforms of the Common
Agricultural Policy (in
particular the Agenda 2000) differ across empirical studies. Differences
are mainly due to the ways the
policy instruments are taken into account (explicit modeling or implicit
modeling i.e. using ad-valorem
equivalents). The aim of this paper is to assess empirically the impacts
of recent reforms of the Common
Agricultural Policy and the consequences of the Mid-Term proposals on world cereals
markets. We develop
an econometric, dynamic, multi-product, partial equilibrium commodity model that
focuses on arable crops.
Major exporters and major importers are modeled separately, other countries being
included in a rest of the
world category. For the countries or regions explicitly integrated the model estimates
supply, demand and
trade. The model we develop has two important features:
i) the parameters estimated in the behavioral equations (supply and demand) satisfy regularity conditions and
ii) the agricultural policy instruments (in particular CAP instruments) are modeled in an explicit way.
In the empirical section, attention focuses on the world cereals market. We provide a market outlook through the year 2009 for three different scenarios: baseline projections and two scenarios based on different assumptions regarding the evolution of the Common Agricultural Policy (the Mid-Term Review scenario and the decoupling scenario). Estimated effects of the mid-term scenario on EU crop prices depend on the relationship between EU and world market prices.
i) the parameters estimated in the behavioral equations (supply and demand) satisfy regularity conditions and
ii) the agricultural policy instruments (in particular CAP instruments) are modeled in an explicit way.
In the empirical section, attention focuses on the world cereals market. We provide a market outlook through the year 2009 for three different scenarios: baseline projections and two scenarios based on different assumptions regarding the evolution of the Common Agricultural Policy (the Mid-Term Review scenario and the decoupling scenario). Estimated effects of the mid-term scenario on EU crop prices depend on the relationship between EU and world market prices.


Опубликовано на портале: 29-11-2003
Markus Bjerre, Jorgen Dejgaard Jensen
2002
The paper deals with problems concerning the current sugar policy within the Common
Agricultural
Policy, especially the efficiency losses due to the combination of high prices and
quota on
subsidised sugar production. Based on a simple econometric model, the total economic
costs of the
current policy setting, compared with an unregulated setting, are estimated to be
in the area of 20
per cent of the total sugar production, valued at world market prices. Of these costs,
some 10 per
cent are due to inefficiency in the crop production, as the opportunity costs of
land are not taken
into account because the sugar price support within the quota overrules these opportunity
costs.
However, according to the estimates obtained in the present study, the main economic
gains by
reducing the internal prices are to be found in terms of reduced consumer costs rather
than
improved efficiency in land use.


Опубликовано на портале: 29-11-2003
Claire Chambolle, Eric Giraud-Heraud
2002
We analyse the competition in quality and quantity between a foreign firm and
a domestic firm. The domestic firm can belong to a certification of origin, whereas
its rival uses a pure brand strategy. We will show how the certification can allow
the domestic firm to position itself as a high quality producer and improve the
average quality of the products offered on the market. If, however, the certified
firm offers the low quality good, the certification can permit it to guarantee a
higher profit than that of its competitor and to improve the consumers’ surplus
by
favoring product standardisation.


Опубликовано на портале: 31-12-2003
David L Debertin
USA: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1992, 366 с.
Один из основных учебников, используемых при изучении экономики аграрного производства.
В издании рассматривается специфика аграрного производства, делаются спецификации
для производственных функций. Процесс производства анализируется как со стороны используемых
ресурсов, так и выпуска готовой продукции.

Опубликовано на портале: 29-11-2003
Bruno Henry De Frahan, Christian Tritten
2002
This paper proposes a partial equilibrium displacement model that differentiates
wheat
according to its end-use and country of origin to investigate the impact of alternative
European trade
policies on wheat supply and demand in France. Transmission, demand and supply elasticities
are
estimated for each class and origin of wheat. Simulation results show that rebalancing
trade protection
across wheat classes encourages domestic supply of high quality wheat and displaces
imports from
North America.


Опубликовано на портале: 04-01-2004
Rafaela Dios Palomares, Jose Miguel Martinez Paz
Zaragoza, 2002
This study investigated the efficiency and productivity change of a
sample of food distribution units (MERCAs) in Spain over the 1.997-1.999
period, applying non-parametric frontier methodology in a sales efficiency
framework.
We specified a mean sales model composed of two blocks of variables,
the production block, and the marketing management block. Then we
applied output oriented DEA methodology to perform the efficiency analysis,
also taking into account the overall efficiency decomposition into pure and
scale efficiency. The Malmquist index was calculated in order to analyse the
components of the productivity change.
The mean pure sales efficiency index was high, around 0.8, the mean scale index being 0,9. As appears from the results, six food distribution units were efficient, but some of the wholesale markets need to adapt their sales technology in order that their input bundle reaches a Most Productive Scale Size unit.
We found no evidence of technical change during the period considered, but concluded that a notable scale efficiency change took place during the studied period.
To summarise, we conclude that improvement in sales efficiency could be reached in the studied sector in both the pure and the scale efficiency.
The mean pure sales efficiency index was high, around 0.8, the mean scale index being 0,9. As appears from the results, six food distribution units were efficient, but some of the wholesale markets need to adapt their sales technology in order that their input bundle reaches a Most Productive Scale Size unit.
We found no evidence of technical change during the period considered, but concluded that a notable scale efficiency change took place during the studied period.
To summarise, we conclude that improvement in sales efficiency could be reached in the studied sector in both the pure and the scale efficiency.


Опубликовано на портале: 30-11-2003
Paul Dorosh, Moataz El-Said, Hans Lofgren
2003
In Uganda, as in much of sub-Saharan Africa, poverty is concentrated in
rural areas. Because agriculture
accounts for a large share of incomes for these households, policies and
external shocks that affect
agriculture, including shifts in world prices, changes in agricultural productivity,
and reductions in marketing
costs, may have significant effects on rural poverty. In this paper, we use a Computable
General Equilibrium
(CGE) model of the Ugandan economy, explicitly designed to capture regional
variations in agricultural
production and household incomes, to examine the implications of these policy changes
and shocks.
Simulation results suggest that a doubling of area planted to coffee (the government.s target) would increase rural consumption by less than 2.0 percent, because of an estimated 10 percent decline in the world price of robusta coffee and an 11.3 percent real exchange rate appreciation of the Ugandan shilling. Smaller productivity increases in food crops may have greater potential to raise rural incomes, provided that markets perform well and producer incentives are maintained. A five percent increase in agricultural productivity raises consumption by 1.3 to 2.1 percent among rural households and lowers food prices by 3.4 to 3.8 percent relative to the CPI, thus benefiting households with high food consumption shares. Reducing agricultural marketing margins by 30 percent leads to increases of 2.3 to 4.1 percent in consumption of farm households, with the largest gains in regions where consumption out of own production is lower.
Simulation results suggest that a doubling of area planted to coffee (the government.s target) would increase rural consumption by less than 2.0 percent, because of an estimated 10 percent decline in the world price of robusta coffee and an 11.3 percent real exchange rate appreciation of the Ugandan shilling. Smaller productivity increases in food crops may have greater potential to raise rural incomes, provided that markets perform well and producer incentives are maintained. A five percent increase in agricultural productivity raises consumption by 1.3 to 2.1 percent among rural households and lowers food prices by 3.4 to 3.8 percent relative to the CPI, thus benefiting households with high food consumption shares. Reducing agricultural marketing margins by 30 percent leads to increases of 2.3 to 4.1 percent in consumption of farm households, with the largest gains in regions where consumption out of own production is lower.


Опубликовано на портале: 30-11-2003
Jay Fabiosa, John C. Beghin, Stephane de Cara, Cheng Fang, Murat Isik, Holger Matthey
2003
Using a partial equilibrium model of world agriculture, we investigate the multilateral
removal of all border
taxes and farm programs and their distortion of world agricultural markets. These
distortions have significant
terms-of-trade effects. World trade is also significantly impacted by both
types of distortions. Trade
expansion is substantial for most commodities, especially dairy, meats, and vegetable
oils. Net agricultural
and food exporters (Brazil, Australia, and Argentina) emerge with expanded exports;
whereas net importing
countries with limited distortions before liberalization are penalized by
higher world markets prices and
reduced imports. The US gains significant export shares in livestock products
and imports more dairy
products. Without protection and domestic subsidies, the EU loses many
of its livestock and dairy export
markets.


Опубликовано на портале: 29-11-2003
Istvan Feher, Zsolt Papp
2002
Based on the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) approach this paper provides an assessment
of the
competitive position of the Hungarian agro-food industry in view of EU integration.
The situation in the
food processing sector is assessed with the use of actual cost data from representative
Hungarian
companies. The paper presents an assessment of the current situation prior to EU
integration as well
as a future outlook under various scenarios with regard to the expected policy environment
and the
rate of technological change.
The actual measurement of competitiveness in this study focuses mainly on Private
Resource Cost
(PRC) which indicates competitiveness under real market conditions and Domestic Resource
Cost
(DRC) which gives an assessment on the social or economic efficiency of an activity,
i.e. whether
domestic resources are really used efficiently in current production.
In the food processing sector 21 different food products have been investigated which
fall into four
industries: meat, poultry, dairy, and fruits and vegetables. Under current conditions
only some
products are competitive in private terms. The situation would improve after EU integration
especially
for poultry, fruits and vegetables, because agricultural policy conditions are more
favourable under the
CAP. If additional FDI(Foreign Direct Investments) would flow into the country after
EU membership,
this would boost profitability.
As far as DRC values are concerned, it must be stated that only some of the production
activities are
clearly efficient. Dairy, fruits and vegetables, and roast goose production show
relatively weak social
competitiveness, while other poultry and fruit and vegetables products are more favourable
from the
economic point of view. As EU policies provide on average higher protection levels,
the
competitiveness of Hungarian food processing on world markets would deteriorate for
most products
after EU accession. However, these effects can be offset by additional technological
change due to
FDI inflows or otherwise induced technological progress.


Опубликовано на портале: 29-11-2003
Christos Fotopoulos, Athanasios Krystallis, Mitchell Ness
2002
The present study attempts to offer more insights into the Greek wine market with
emphasis on
wines produced from organically grown grapes by relating wine choice to consumers’
personal value
structure. With the use of a qualitative sample and applying the Means-end Chains
methodology and the
corresponding “laddering” interviewing technique, it attempts first to
reveal the way basic motives are
linked to wine shopping behaviour of consumers and the way wine purchase-relevant
knowledge is
stored and organised in their memory in relation to their personal values. Then,
by discriminating
between organic food buyers and non-buyers, the study identifies motivational and
cognitive
discriminating differences between the two consumer types, which can offer a solid
explanation as to
their distinctive purchasing behaviour in respect of the organic products.


Опубликовано на портале: 30-11-2003
Jun Furuya, Takeshi Sakurai
2003
Most of the large-scale millers in Ghana provide a loan to the farmers under the
agreement that the farmers will
bring their paddy to them.
This paper examines the effect of this interlinkage on the efficiency of rice milling. A quadratic cost function was estimated, and capacity utilization was calculated in relation to money lending. The results show that if the millers provide a loan to the farmers, the operating rate will increase by 24%.
This paper examines the effect of this interlinkage on the efficiency of rice milling. A quadratic cost function was estimated, and capacity utilization was calculated in relation to money lending. The results show that if the millers provide a loan to the farmers, the operating rate will increase by 24%.


Опубликовано на портале: 30-11-2003
Atanu Ghoshray, Tim Lloyd
2003
This paper brings time series techniques to bear on the relationships between the
prices of the principal types
of wheat traded internationally. In all, the relationships between eleven wheat prices
(categorised by wheat
quality, harvest date and port of despatch) are scrutinised to uncover
the structure of the wheat market
implicit in the behaviour its prices reveal. The statistical evidence supports the
notion of a highly integrated
market that is segmented according to wheat strength . the principal determinant
of end-use. Three segments
are identified: a market for "strong" (bread-making) wheat, another for
"weak" (confectionary products-
making) wheat and a third for medium strength wheat suitable for unleavened breads
and noodles. Whilst
informative, market integration - detected by cointegration among prices . is not
altogether surprising, yet
the presence of cointegration implies a causal structure, which is of more cogent
interest. Among a number
of complementary techniques, linkages are uncovered using an innovative
concept of irreducible
cointegration vectors (Davidson 1998, Barassi et al 2001) which provides new evidence
on price linkages.
Statistical evidence is robust and not test-dependent. Specifically, we find a dominant
price leader in each
sub-market. In terms of its pricing, the EU is found to play a passive role in the
world market, confirming a
widely held view.


Опубликовано на портале: 12-12-2003
Jose A. Gomez-Limon, Laura Riesgo, Manuel Arriaza
Durban, 2003
In this paper we present a methodology to analyse input use in the agricultural
sector. The novelty of the
theoretical model explained is that it has been developed considering a multi-criteria
environment. Thus, the
optimal input use condition is determined by the assessment of "multi-attribute utility"
and "multi-attribute
marginal utility". We show how the approach adopted in this paper is a generalization
of the single-attribute
expected utility theory. The theoretical model developed is further implemented in
an empirical application
that studies water for irrigation use as a particular case. Results show how multi-attribute
utility functions
elicited for a sample of 52 irrigators explain differences on irrigation
water use in relative homogenous
agricultural systems, albeit exhibiting similar water partial utility functions.
We conclude that these
differences come from the dissimilar weights that farmers attached to each attribute
in the aggregate utility
function. The irrigated area considered as case study is located in North-western
Spain.

