Экономика » Экономика отраслевых рынков » Аграрная экономика » Рынки факторов производства для сельского хозяйства
Всего публикаций в данном разделе: 11
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Опубликовано на портале: 24-12-2003
Stefan Bojnec, Liesbeth Dries, Johan Swinnen
Durban, 2003
This paper analyses the determinants of agricultural labor flows and the role of
human capital in this process
on the basis of the Slovenian Labor Force Surveys for the years 1993 to 1999. The
household heads living in
larger households, having a larger farm size, and working full-time (more hours per
week) in permanent jobs
are more likely to stay in agricultural employment. The empirical evidence
clearly suggests that human
capital plays a crucial role for labor mobility and labor adjustment. Young, female
and educated individuals
are more likely to enter into employment in non-agricultural, particularly
service activities.
There are remarkable circular flows of elderly and less educated persons between being employed in agriculture, unemployment and retirement pools. Small-scale and part-time farming provide temporary employment opportunities. Investments in human capital to improve quality of labor in agriculture and to increase mobility and flexibility of labor are the key issues in synergy reducing labor mismatch and improving efficiency in labor flow adjustment.
There are remarkable circular flows of elderly and less educated persons between being employed in agriculture, unemployment and retirement pools. Small-scale and part-time farming provide temporary employment opportunities. Investments in human capital to improve quality of labor in agriculture and to increase mobility and flexibility of labor are the key issues in synergy reducing labor mismatch and improving efficiency in labor flow adjustment.


Опубликовано на портале: 30-11-2003
Shyamal K. Chowdhury
2003
This paper assesses the impact of access to information on farm household.s factor
market participation. The
paper tries to answer two questions. First, does use of telephone have any impact
on farm household's factor
market participation decision? Second, correcting for market participation, does
use of telephone have any
impact on the type of factor adjustment decision? For the first question, the paper
uses a bivariate probit to
correct for omitted variable bias and for the second question, the paper uses a two
stage probit. Empirical
findings of this paper suggest that access to information in the form
of use of telephone has significant
positive impact on factor market participation. The difference in market
participation between telephone
users and nonusers is around 14 percent. However, once a household participate
in the market, the use of
telephone does not have any impact on specific factor market participation.


Опубликовано на портале: 24-12-2003
Lire Ersado, Gregory Amacher, Jeffrey Alwang
Durban, 2003
The adoption of more efficient farming practices and technologies that enhance agricultural
productivity and
improve environmental sustainability is instrumental for achieving economic growth,
food security and
poverty alleviation in sub-Saharan Africa. Our research examines the interaction
between public investments,
community health, and adoption of productivity and land enhancing technologies by
households in the
northern Ethiopian state of Tigray. Agricultural technology adoption decisions are
modeled as a sequential
process where the timing of choices can matter. We find that time spent sick and
opportunity costs of caring
for sick family members are significant factors in adoption. Sickness, through its
impact on household
income and labor allocation decisions for healthcare and other activities, significantly
reduces the likelihood
of technology adoption. Our findings suggest that agencies working to improve agricultural
productivity and
land resource conservation should consider not only the financial status of potential
adopters, but also their
related health situation.


Опубликовано на портале: 20-04-2004
Представлены материалы научной конференции, проведённой университетом штата Мэриленд
и Аналитическим
центр АПЭ
6-7 июля 2001 г. в Голицино-2. Цель конференции, посвященной исследованию рынков
факторов производства в АПК России, - оценить степень изученности проблемы и наметить
направления
исследований в данной области по программе "Базис".


Опубликовано на портале: 04-01-2004
Peter Halmai, Andrea Elekes
Zaragoza, 2002
As regards EU accession of Hungary one of the most important questions is how the
adaptation of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) will affect the competitiveness
of the
Hungarian agriculture. Competitive effects of CAP can be revealed in several ways
(quantitative, comparative analysis, simulations etc.) but the results may differ
significantly.
That is why it is interesting to compare the results of different methods.
This paper concentrates on the competitive effects of changing trade policy by comparing the results of comparative analyses (producer prices, export subsidy systems and import protection) and simulations. The results of the simulation confirm the conclusion that the CAP adaptation will favour basically the cereal production. CAP adaptation will intensify the already existing (competitive) differences between the two large sectors of agriculture (plant and animal products). All of the analyses came to the conclusion that the prospects of arable crops are favourable. Less reassuring are the prospects of animal products. There are apparent efficiency problems, and rising feed costs (due to accession) may further weaken the position of this sector. Without basic structural reforms the sustainability of the sector’s competitiveness is questionable.
This paper concentrates on the competitive effects of changing trade policy by comparing the results of comparative analyses (producer prices, export subsidy systems and import protection) and simulations. The results of the simulation confirm the conclusion that the CAP adaptation will favour basically the cereal production. CAP adaptation will intensify the already existing (competitive) differences between the two large sectors of agriculture (plant and animal products). All of the analyses came to the conclusion that the prospects of arable crops are favourable. Less reassuring are the prospects of animal products. There are apparent efficiency problems, and rising feed costs (due to accession) may further weaken the position of this sector. Without basic structural reforms the sustainability of the sector’s competitiveness is questionable.


Опубликовано на портале: 29-11-2003
Earl Heady
Iowa: Iowa State Press, 1961
Самый популярный в США учебник по анализу производственных функций в сельском хозяйстве.
Ё.Хэди, один из классиков аграрной экономики, представляет практическое руководство
для изучения производственных функций в сельском хозяйстве.

Опубликовано на портале: 29-12-2003
William Liefert, Zvi Lerman, Василий Якимович Узун, Дмитрий Николаевич Рылько, Bruce L. Gardner
Москва: Ин-т экономики переходного периода, 2002, 199 с.
A decade after the initial reforms of the former Soviet economy, the results in agriculture
remain disappointing. Despite food price liberalization, barriers to marketing agricultural
output are still present in many regions, and access to modern inputs is very limited
almost everywhere. Agricultural output remains about one-third below the pre-reform
levels of 1989-91. Incomes of workers employed in agriculture remain depressed.
Yet significant changes have occurred. Output increases have been noted on household
subsidiary plots, which have been enlarged and play an important role, especially
where former collective farms are weakest. New arrangements are springing up in which
input suppliers or other businesses related to agriculture are establishing vertically
integrated or other contractual arrangements with agricultural producers. These arrangements
are managing to supply much-needed fertilizer, chemical, and energy inputs in ways
more promising than the barter arrangements that have characterized the dealings
of many former collective farms and the ad hoc and unpriced ways in which owner-employees
of these farms often acquire inputs for their own farming enterprises on private
plots. Even without fully developed land ownership rights, it appears that rental
transactions under which new operators may acquire the use of increased acreage are
increasing and are beginning to be economically important.
The objectives of the project are to quantify the extent to which factor market constraints
have impaired the ability of Russian agriculture to function efficiently and profitably,
to establish which constraints are most important in both the short and long run
perspectives, and to provide the analytical knowledge needed to formulate policies
to remedy obstacles and constraints.
In order to consider the state of knowledge and determine the research directions
in following three years the BASIS , University of Maryland and Centre AFE have hold
a conference in July, 2001 in Golitzino (Golitzino-II) nearby Moscow. The proceedings
of this conference are presented in this book . The book is issued in English and
Russian simultaneously.



Опубликовано на портале: 04-01-2004
Tugrul Temel, Willem Janssen, Fuad Karimov
Zaragoza, 2002
This paper develops a quantitative, graph-theoretic method for analysing systems
of
institutions. With an application to the agricultural innovation system of Azerbaijan,
the
method is illustrated in detail. An assessment of existing institutional linkages
in the system
suggests that efforts should be placed on the development of intermediary institutions
to
facilitate quick and effective flow of knowledge between the public and the private
components of the system. Furthermore, significant accomplishments are yet to come
in
policy-making, research and education, and credit institutions.


Опубликовано на портале: 24-12-2003
Katinka Weinberger
Durban, 2003
Micronutrient malnutrition, particularly of iron, is widespread on the South
Asian subcontinent and
economic losses due to reduced productivity of afflicted population groups
are believed to be substantial.
This paper examines the impact of micronutrient intake on productivity of household engaged in agricultural labor in India by applying a two-stage least squares (2SLS) estimation technique. The micronutrient under investigation is iron. The results indicate that productivity, measured in wages is indeed affected through insufficient intake, and that wages would on average be 5 to 17.3 percent higher, if households would achieve recommended intake levels of the micronutrient discussed here. The results demonstrate that policy interventions that aim at enhancing micronutrient intake can be regarded as investments in improved productivity and higher household incomes. Enhancing micronutrient intake will contribute significantly to overall economic growth and development.
This paper examines the impact of micronutrient intake on productivity of household engaged in agricultural labor in India by applying a two-stage least squares (2SLS) estimation technique. The micronutrient under investigation is iron. The results indicate that productivity, measured in wages is indeed affected through insufficient intake, and that wages would on average be 5 to 17.3 percent higher, if households would achieve recommended intake levels of the micronutrient discussed here. The results demonstrate that policy interventions that aim at enhancing micronutrient intake can be regarded as investments in improved productivity and higher household incomes. Enhancing micronutrient intake will contribute significantly to overall economic growth and development.


Опубликовано на портале: 30-11-2003
Annalisa Zezza
2002
The paper analyzes the changes that have taken place in the nature of agriculture
information and their consequences on the public role of related public services
with
specific regard to process undergoing in the European Union. Increased interest in
food
quality and food safety issues in a global consumer driven society, together with
major
attention to environmental and ethical issues related to food production, enlarge
both the
object of agricultural information and the audience of stakeholders in the food chain
and
in the general public. Information policy with regard to a multifunctional approach
to
agriculture, can be finalized to correct three main sources of market failures as
access to
information, quality and adverse selection and externalities and provision of public
goods. The privatization of agricultural research and extension, although useful
from the
point of view of economic efficiency, poses a number of threats to the development
of
knowledge for sustainable agriculture. If the public sector decides to move away
from
the delivering of services, public action can still be relevant in orienting, targeting,
regulating and funding in win-win solutions where the advantages of public extension,
as open access and evaluation of social priorities, join efficiency and market orientation
of the private sector.


Опубликовано на портале: 12-12-2003
Linxiu Zhang, Alan de Brauw, Scott Rozelle
Durban, 2003
The major objective of this paper is to discuss the development of rural labor markets
in China during the
past two decades and understand how it has affected women. Using household survey
data that we collected
in 2001, we examine the role of women in labor markets by examining employment and
migration trends
and changes in wages. According to the data of our nearly national representative
sample, we find that there
has been a sharp overall increase in off-farm participation, most of the increase
has been driven by young
migrants, and women, especially those in the youngest cohorts, have participated
at rates equaling or
surpassing those of their male counterparts. We also find that the wages of women
have not been adversely
affected by the emergence of liberalized labor markets and that when women, mostly
middle-aged and older
ones, are left in charge of farm work, the productivity of crop production does not
fall.

