Экономика » Экономика отраслевых рынков » Аграрная экономика » Международная торговля агропродовольственной продукцией
Всего публикаций в данном разделе: 29
Книги
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Опубликовано на портале: 07-04-2004
И. Кобута, М. Прокопьев, Евгения Викторовна Серова, Ирина Георгиевна Храмова, Ольга Валерьевна Шик, Наталия Алексеевна Карлова
Москва: ИЭПП, негосударственный некоммерческий фонд Аналитический центр агропродовольственной экономики (АПЭ), 2001, cерия "Научные труды"
Работа посвящена анализу государственного регулирования внешней торговли сельскохозяйственной
продукцией; опубликована в книге
« Агропродовольственная политика и международная торговля: российский
аспект ». Книга написана по материалам исследований Аналитического
центра АПЭ
в области внешней торговли агропродовольственными товарами и государственного регулирования
этой торговли.


Опубликовано на портале: 06-04-2004
И. Кобута, М. Прокопьев, Ирина Георгиевна Храмова, Ольга Валерьевна Шик, Евгения Викторовна Серова, Наталия Алексеевна Карлова
Москва: Ин-т экономики переходного периода, 2001, cерия "Научные труды"
Публикация "Перспективы вступления России в ВТО" включена в книгу
« Агропродовольственная политика и международная торговля: российский
аспект ». Книга написана по материалам исследований Аналитического
центра АПЭ
в области внешней торговли агропродовольственными товарами и государственного регулирования
этой торговли.


Опубликовано на портале: 28-11-2003
Ana-Maria Aldanondo, Javier Puertolas
2002
In this paper we use a general equilibrium model to examine the effects of international
quota transfer when a quota restricts world commodity production whilst the trade
in an
intermediate good is not regulated. The analysis shows that, when the quota regime
is
not internationally transferable, intermediate input trade substitutes for final
good trade.
In these circumstances, the distortions are lower than expected. International quota
transfer increases world welfare proportionally to quota rent gap. Welfare distribution
is also conditioned by commodity terms of trade and, particularly, by the outcome
of the
intermediate good price.


Опубликовано на портале: 28-11-2003
Giovanni Anania
2002
The paper shows how analyses assuming perfect competition can yield a distorted estimation
of
the expected effects of a trade liberalization when market imperfections exist. The
analytical
framework adopted is very simple and three extreme imperfect market structures are
considered.
In the first case, the exporting country maximizes its producer and consumer surplus
by intervening
in the world market. The second market imperfection considered is the existence of
a private firm
playing the role of “pure middleman” in the world market. Then the case
of a producer-owned
marketing board which is granted exclusive export authority is addressed. It is shown
that under
all three scenarios, if perfect competition is assumed when market imperfections
exist, the impact of
a tariff reduction on prices and volume traded is overestimated. A ranking of the
size of such
distortions in the three cases analyzed is provided. Finally, it is proved that when
a private firm
exerts monopoly and monopsony power in the world market, both the importing and the
exporting countries may well be better off if, rather than making a move towards
trade liberalization, the
importing country “compensates” the exporting country by means of a direct
transfer.


Опубликовано на портале: 04-01-2004
Kym Anderson, Rodney Tyers
Michigan: University of Michigan Press, 1992
Авторы книги исследуют эффект от либерализации мировой торговли продукцией сельского
хозяйства. Рассматривается современное состояние торговли сельскохозяйственной продукцией
и проблемы либерализации, изменение структуры мировых продовольственных рынков, политика
протекционизма сельского хозяйства развитыми странами, моделируется ситуация либерализации
торговли, рассчитываются потери и выгоды от данной политики.

Опубликовано на портале: 04-01-2004
Ред.: John M. Antle, Vincent H. Smith
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000, 300 с.
В книге анализируется современная ситуация на рынке пшеницы, основные страны экспортёры
и импортёры, даётся прогноз развития международного рынка. Авторы уделяют внимание
таким странам, как Россия и Китай, чья роль на мировом рынке пшеницы значительно
изменилась за последнее время. Анализируются и стратегии традиционных экспортёров
пшеницы на мировом рынке - США, ЕС, Канады, Аргентины и Австралии. Поведение и развитие
рынка пшеницы рассматривается через призму международных торговых соглашений. Под
редакцией Д.Антл и В.Смит.

Опубликовано на портале: 04-01-2004
Peter Berck, David Bigman
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993, 400 с.
Сборник работ по теме продовольственной безопасности в развивающихся странах. Рассматриваются
проблемы недоедания, бедности, состояния предложения и спроса на продовольствие,
политика государств и проведение альтернативные политических мер на микро- и макро-
уровнях.

Опубликовано на портале: 04-01-2004
Hans Binswanger, Ernst Lutz
Berlin, 2000
Rural growth is necessary for reducing rural poverty. But rural regions cannot generate
sustained growth in agricultural demand unless they trade with cities, neighboring
countries, and the rest of the world. That is the first problem. The second is that
world trade in agricultural and agro-industrial products has grown slower than general
trade—and developing countries have not been able to capture as large a share
of trade growth in agriculture as in industry. This has constrained agricultural
growth and diversification in the developing world.
We argue here that developing countries will have to continue their agricultural policy reforms. But the main focus has to be on the constraints on agricultural trade imposed by developed countries—and on the prospects for reducing them in the current round of WTO negotiations. Export subsidies should be outlawed. Domestic producer subsidies reduced. Access under tariff quotas increased. Tariff escalation on processed agricultural products removed. And the level and the dispersion of bound tariffs on agricultural imports reduced.
We argue here that developing countries will have to continue their agricultural policy reforms. But the main focus has to be on the constraints on agricultural trade imposed by developed countries—and on the prospects for reducing them in the current round of WTO negotiations. Export subsidies should be outlawed. Domestic producer subsidies reduced. Access under tariff quotas increased. Tariff escalation on processed agricultural products removed. And the level and the dispersion of bound tariffs on agricultural imports reduced.


Опубликовано на портале: 28-11-2003
Christian Bjornskov, Kim Martin Lind
2002
In the wake of the November 2001 Ministerial Conference in Doha, the positions of
most members
of the World Trade Organisation diverge, reflecting a large extent of disagreement
within the
organisation. This paper attempts to organise these positions and thereby inspire
a debate on the
possibility of collusion in the coming round of trade negotiations with a particular
focus on the
options of developing countries. Members’ positions on a range of issues identified
as important in
the coming round are rated and used as inputs in a correlation analysis and two forms
of cluster
analyses to identify potential alliances between members with reasonably similar
positions. The
paper identifies nine clusters of countries that are internally similar. Among these
clusters, the
positions of most developing countries are most similar to the positions of the so-called
Cairns
group and the US, whereas the European Union and Norway are significantly isolated
and
positioned far away from the developing countries. The paper concludes that developing
countries
have opportunities of forming alliances with specific developed countries in order
to promote their
trade objectives in the coming round of negotiations.


Опубликовано на портале: 28-11-2003
Jean-Christophe Bureau, Luca Salvatici
2002
This paper provides a summary measure of the possible new commitments in the area
of market access undertaken by the European Union and the United States, using the
Trade
Restrictiveness Index (TRI) as the tariff aggregator. Indicators such as the TRI,
based on welfare
theory, integrate economic behavioural assumptions within a balance of trade framework.
We
take the 2000 bound tariffs as the starting point and attempt to assess how much
liberalisation in
agriculture could be achieved in the European Union and the United States as a result
of the
present negotiations. We compute the index for agricultural commodity aggregates
assuming a
specific (Constant Elasticity of Substitution) functional form for import demand.
The present
levels of the TRI under the actual commitments of the Uruguay Round are computed
and
compared with three hypothetical cases: a repetition of the same set of commitments
of the
Uruguay Round, a uniform 36 percent reduction of each tariff, an harmonization formula
based
on the “sliding scale” scheme. This makes it possible to infer how reducing
tariff dispersion
would help improve market access in future trade agreements.


Опубликовано на портале: 30-11-2003
Anwar F. Chishti, Waqar Malik
2002
A theory-based graphical analysis of WTO’s trade liberalization policies (opening
of
close-economy to international trade and cuts in price-supports, import-tariffs and
exportsubsidies)
suggests that most of such policies would yield net social gains to the society,
as a
whole. The adverse effects and losses in producer surpluses of some of the policies
would be
balanced out by greater gains in consumer surpluses and vice versa. Losses in producer
surpluses
due to cuts in price supports and import tariffs are also expected to be partially
subsided by
reductions in export subsidies mainly granted by the USA and EU; hence, policies
need to be
enforced, not in isolation, but in a simultaneous fashion.
Trade liberalization would help minimize control of individuals on trade, leave less
room
for individual policy makers, tax collectors and interest groups to exploit situations
in their own
interest and lead the economy to be run in accordance with the supply and demand
forces based
on the last lasting general tendency of human nature. This would help to achieve
a sustainable
and stable agricultural growth; however, more durable sustained growth would depend
as how
effectively trade liberalization is pursued and enforced the world over. Opening
of closed
economy for exportables, and withdrawal of export subsidies by foreign exporters
would be proproducers
and would directly contribute to poverty alleviation. Opening of economy for
importables, withdrawal of price supports and tariff-cuts on imports would yield
savings to
consumers and would positively contribute towards poverty reduction.


Опубликовано на портале: 29-11-2003
Bruno Henry De Frahan, Christian Tritten
2002
This paper proposes a partial equilibrium displacement model that differentiates
wheat
according to its end-use and country of origin to investigate the impact of alternative
European trade
policies on wheat supply and demand in France. Transmission, demand and supply elasticities
are
estimated for each class and origin of wheat. Simulation results show that rebalancing
trade protection
across wheat classes encourages domestic supply of high quality wheat and displaces
imports from
North America.


Опубликовано на портале: 04-01-2004
Uwe Eiteljorge, Monika Hartmann
Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000, 243-269 с.
The collapse of the former Soviet Union has led to a sharp decline in the trading
of agricultural products between its successor states. There have been attempts to
revive these trade relations by means of bilateral and regional trade agreements.
In addition, almost all member states of the CIS are in the process of negotiating
accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO). Because of its size and agricultural
production potential, the Russian Federation is of primary importance in this respect.
The integration of the Russian Federation in the world economy, which is expected
to result from its accession to the WTO, will have a sizeable impact not only on
its own agricultural sector, but also on the world markets for agricultural products.


Опубликовано на портале: 30-11-2003
Jay Fabiosa, John C. Beghin, Stephane de Cara, Cheng Fang, Murat Isik, Holger Matthey
2003
Using a partial equilibrium model of world agriculture, we investigate the multilateral
removal of all border
taxes and farm programs and their distortion of world agricultural markets. These
distortions have significant
terms-of-trade effects. World trade is also significantly impacted by both
types of distortions. Trade
expansion is substantial for most commodities, especially dairy, meats, and vegetable
oils. Net agricultural
and food exporters (Brazil, Australia, and Argentina) emerge with expanded exports;
whereas net importing
countries with limited distortions before liberalization are penalized by
higher world markets prices and
reduced imports. The US gains significant export shares in livestock products
and imports more dairy
products. Without protection and domestic subsidies, the EU loses many
of its livestock and dairy export
markets.


Опубликовано на портале: 30-11-2003
Imre Ferto, Lionel G. Hubbard
2003
We analyse the evolving pattern of Hungary.s agri-food trade using recently developed
empirical procedures
based on the classic Balassa index and its symmetric transformation. The
extent of trade specialisation
exhibits a declining trend; Hungary lost comparative advantage for a number
of product groups over the
1990s. The indices of specialisation have also tended to converge. For particular
product groups, the picture
is mixed: indices are reasonably stable for product groups with comparative
disadvantage, but those with
weak to strong comparative advantage show significant variation. The results
reinforce the finding of a
general decrease in specialisation, but do not support the idea of self-reinforcing
mechanisms, emphasised
strongly in much of the endogenous growth and trade literature.

