Экономика » Экономика отраслевых рынков » Аграрная экономика » Международная торговля агропродовольственной продукцией
Всего публикаций в данном разделе: 5
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Опубликовано на портале: 28-11-2003
Ana-Maria Aldanondo, Javier Puertolas
2002
In this paper we use a general equilibrium model to examine the effects of international
quota transfer when a quota restricts world commodity production whilst the trade
in an
intermediate good is not regulated. The analysis shows that, when the quota regime
is
not internationally transferable, intermediate input trade substitutes for final
good trade.
In these circumstances, the distortions are lower than expected. International quota
transfer increases world welfare proportionally to quota rent gap. Welfare distribution
is also conditioned by commodity terms of trade and, particularly, by the outcome
of the
intermediate good price.


Опубликовано на портале: 28-11-2003
Giovanni Anania
2002
The paper shows how analyses assuming perfect competition can yield a distorted estimation
of
the expected effects of a trade liberalization when market imperfections exist. The
analytical
framework adopted is very simple and three extreme imperfect market structures are
considered.
In the first case, the exporting country maximizes its producer and consumer surplus
by intervening
in the world market. The second market imperfection considered is the existence of
a private firm
playing the role of “pure middleman” in the world market. Then the case
of a producer-owned
marketing board which is granted exclusive export authority is addressed. It is shown
that under
all three scenarios, if perfect competition is assumed when market imperfections
exist, the impact of
a tariff reduction on prices and volume traded is overestimated. A ranking of the
size of such
distortions in the three cases analyzed is provided. Finally, it is proved that when
a private firm
exerts monopoly and monopsony power in the world market, both the importing and the
exporting countries may well be better off if, rather than making a move towards
trade liberalization, the
importing country “compensates” the exporting country by means of a direct
transfer.


Опубликовано на портале: 04-01-2004
Kym Anderson, Rodney Tyers
Michigan: University of Michigan Press, 1992
Авторы книги исследуют эффект от либерализации мировой торговли продукцией сельского
хозяйства. Рассматривается современное состояние торговли сельскохозяйственной продукцией
и проблемы либерализации, изменение структуры мировых продовольственных рынков, политика
протекционизма сельского хозяйства развитыми странами, моделируется ситуация либерализации
торговли, рассчитываются потери и выгоды от данной политики.

Опубликовано на портале: 28-11-2003
A. Gracia, Mehrez Ameur
2002
Agrifood firms operate in a more global, saturated and competitive market than
other manufacturing firms, and they have smaller size. These firms certainly need
to
define appropriate strategies related to accessing the international market and to
investing in innovative activities. This two decisions are related to firms size
because as
Krugman states international trade is not only explained by differences in technology
between countries but also by firms’ desire to extend their sales in foreign
markets to
take advantage of the economies of scales. Therefore, it seems to exist a simultaneous
relation between firm size, exports and innovative activities.
The aim of this paper is to analyse agrifood firms’ decisions on these three
strategies: export behaviour, innovative activities and firm’s size in comparison
to other
manufacturing firms using some modification from the simultaneous model defined by
Entorf and Pohlmeier. The study is focused on the Spanish manufactured firms taking
special attention to the agri-food ones. Data come from a National Survey (“Encuesta
de
Estrategias Empresariales”) carried out by the “Fundación Empresa
Pública”) from
1990.
Results indicate that agri-food manufacturing firms decision process related to
their size, export share and innovative activities is not a simultaneous process.
Moreover, some differences with the rest of manufactured firms have been detected,
In
particular, agri-food firms have lower export shares, lower size and lower innovation
intensity than Spanish firms in other manufacturing sectors. Spanish firms decision
process on strategic variables (size, export share and innovation) is characterized
by a
recursive decision process where firms firstly decide export intensity, secondly,
they
decide their size or total sales depending on the previous decision and, finally,
they
decide their innovative intensity depending on the last two.


Опубликовано на портале: 24-12-2003
Pavel Vavra, Nobunori Kuga, Jesus Anton-Lopez, Joe Dewbre
Durban, 2003
Milk producers in virtually every OECD country, and in many non-OECD countries as
well, benefit from
government interventions. Indeed, government support and protection for milk producers
is more widespread
than for any of the other commodities for which the OECD calculates producer subsidy
equivalents. The
purpose of the analysis reported in this paper was to investigate the relative market
effects of these two
varieties of government intervention in milk pricing: 1) interventions through trade
measures applied to dairy
products and 2) discriminatory pricing arrangements. Which kind of policy creates
‘dollar-for-dollar’ the
greater effects? This paper shows the answer to that question is – it depends.
Neither economic theory by
itself, nor economic theory combined with ‘plausible’ ranges of numerical
values for key parameters is
enough to say definitely one way or another. In some plausibly real-life situations
domestic milk pricing
arrangements can be, at the margin, more distorting than explicit trade measures.
The key determining
parameters include the usual suspects – the relative elasticities of fluid
and manufacturing milk demand, as
well as initial price gap between fluid and manufacturing milk provided by various
measures and the
proportion of domestic milk production used to manufacture tradable dairy products.

