Экономика » Экономика отраслевых рынков » Аграрная экономика » Международная торговля агропродовольственной продукцией
Всего публикаций в данном разделе: 3
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Опубликовано на портале: 29-11-2003
Bruno Henry De Frahan, Christian Tritten
2002
This paper proposes a partial equilibrium displacement model that differentiates
wheat
according to its end-use and country of origin to investigate the impact of alternative
European trade
policies on wheat supply and demand in France. Transmission, demand and supply elasticities
are
estimated for each class and origin of wheat. Simulation results show that rebalancing
trade protection
across wheat classes encourages domestic supply of high quality wheat and displaces
imports from
North America.


Опубликовано на портале: 30-11-2003
Jay Fabiosa, John C. Beghin, Stephane de Cara, Cheng Fang, Murat Isik, Holger Matthey
2003
Using a partial equilibrium model of world agriculture, we investigate the multilateral
removal of all border
taxes and farm programs and their distortion of world agricultural markets. These
distortions have significant
terms-of-trade effects. World trade is also significantly impacted by both
types of distortions. Trade
expansion is substantial for most commodities, especially dairy, meats, and vegetable
oils. Net agricultural
and food exporters (Brazil, Australia, and Argentina) emerge with expanded exports;
whereas net importing
countries with limited distortions before liberalization are penalized by
higher world markets prices and
reduced imports. The US gains significant export shares in livestock products
and imports more dairy
products. Without protection and domestic subsidies, the EU loses many
of its livestock and dairy export
markets.


Опубликовано на портале: 24-12-2003
Pavel Vavra, Nobunori Kuga, Jesus Anton-Lopez, Joe Dewbre
Durban, 2003
Milk producers in virtually every OECD country, and in many non-OECD countries as
well, benefit from
government interventions. Indeed, government support and protection for milk producers
is more widespread
than for any of the other commodities for which the OECD calculates producer subsidy
equivalents. The
purpose of the analysis reported in this paper was to investigate the relative market
effects of these two
varieties of government intervention in milk pricing: 1) interventions through trade
measures applied to dairy
products and 2) discriminatory pricing arrangements. Which kind of policy creates
‘dollar-for-dollar’ the
greater effects? This paper shows the answer to that question is – it depends.
Neither economic theory by
itself, nor economic theory combined with ‘plausible’ ranges of numerical
values for key parameters is
enough to say definitely one way or another. In some plausibly real-life situations
domestic milk pricing
arrangements can be, at the margin, more distorting than explicit trade measures.
The key determining
parameters include the usual suspects – the relative elasticities of fluid
and manufacturing milk demand, as
well as initial price gap between fluid and manufacturing milk provided by various
measures and the
proportion of domestic milk production used to manufacture tradable dairy products.

