Экономика » Экономика отраслевых рынков » Аграрная экономика » Международная торговля агропродовольственной продукцией
Всего публикаций в данном разделе: 2
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Опубликовано на портале: 30-11-2003
Atanu Ghoshray, Tim Lloyd
2003
This paper brings time series techniques to bear on the relationships between the
prices of the principal types
of wheat traded internationally. In all, the relationships between eleven wheat prices
(categorised by wheat
quality, harvest date and port of despatch) are scrutinised to uncover
the structure of the wheat market
implicit in the behaviour its prices reveal. The statistical evidence supports the
notion of a highly integrated
market that is segmented according to wheat strength . the principal determinant
of end-use. Three segments
are identified: a market for "strong" (bread-making) wheat, another for
"weak" (confectionary products-
making) wheat and a third for medium strength wheat suitable for unleavened breads
and noodles. Whilst
informative, market integration - detected by cointegration among prices . is not
altogether surprising, yet
the presence of cointegration implies a causal structure, which is of more cogent
interest. Among a number
of complementary techniques, linkages are uncovered using an innovative
concept of irreducible
cointegration vectors (Davidson 1998, Barassi et al 2001) which provides new evidence
on price linkages.
Statistical evidence is robust and not test-dependent. Specifically, we find a dominant
price leader in each
sub-market. In terms of its pricing, the EU is found to play a passive role in the
world market, confirming a
widely held view.


Опубликовано на портале: 28-11-2003
A. Gracia, Mehrez Ameur
2002
Agrifood firms operate in a more global, saturated and competitive market than
other manufacturing firms, and they have smaller size. These firms certainly need
to
define appropriate strategies related to accessing the international market and to
investing in innovative activities. This two decisions are related to firms size
because as
Krugman states international trade is not only explained by differences in technology
between countries but also by firms’ desire to extend their sales in foreign
markets to
take advantage of the economies of scales. Therefore, it seems to exist a simultaneous
relation between firm size, exports and innovative activities.
The aim of this paper is to analyse agrifood firms’ decisions on these three
strategies: export behaviour, innovative activities and firm’s size in comparison
to other
manufacturing firms using some modification from the simultaneous model defined by
Entorf and Pohlmeier. The study is focused on the Spanish manufactured firms taking
special attention to the agri-food ones. Data come from a National Survey (“Encuesta
de
Estrategias Empresariales”) carried out by the “Fundación Empresa
Pública”) from
1990.
Results indicate that agri-food manufacturing firms decision process related to
their size, export share and innovative activities is not a simultaneous process.
Moreover, some differences with the rest of manufactured firms have been detected,
In
particular, agri-food firms have lower export shares, lower size and lower innovation
intensity than Spanish firms in other manufacturing sectors. Spanish firms decision
process on strategic variables (size, export share and innovation) is characterized
by a
recursive decision process where firms firstly decide export intensity, secondly,
they
decide their size or total sales depending on the previous decision and, finally,
they
decide their innovative intensity depending on the last two.

