Экономика » Экономика отраслевых рынков » Аграрная экономика » Международная торговля агропродовольственной продукцией
Всего публикаций в данном разделе: 3
Книги
Авторы: |
Названия: |
Опубликовано на портале: 04-01-2004
Hans Binswanger, Ernst Lutz
Berlin, 2000
Rural growth is necessary for reducing rural poverty. But rural regions cannot generate
sustained growth in agricultural demand unless they trade with cities, neighboring
countries, and the rest of the world. That is the first problem. The second is that
world trade in agricultural and agro-industrial products has grown slower than general
trade—and developing countries have not been able to capture as large a share
of trade growth in agriculture as in industry. This has constrained agricultural
growth and diversification in the developing world.
We argue here that developing countries will have to continue their agricultural policy reforms. But the main focus has to be on the constraints on agricultural trade imposed by developed countries—and on the prospects for reducing them in the current round of WTO negotiations. Export subsidies should be outlawed. Domestic producer subsidies reduced. Access under tariff quotas increased. Tariff escalation on processed agricultural products removed. And the level and the dispersion of bound tariffs on agricultural imports reduced.
We argue here that developing countries will have to continue their agricultural policy reforms. But the main focus has to be on the constraints on agricultural trade imposed by developed countries—and on the prospects for reducing them in the current round of WTO negotiations. Export subsidies should be outlawed. Domestic producer subsidies reduced. Access under tariff quotas increased. Tariff escalation on processed agricultural products removed. And the level and the dispersion of bound tariffs on agricultural imports reduced.


Опубликовано на портале: 28-11-2003
Christian Bjornskov, Kim Martin Lind
2002
In the wake of the November 2001 Ministerial Conference in Doha, the positions of
most members
of the World Trade Organisation diverge, reflecting a large extent of disagreement
within the
organisation. This paper attempts to organise these positions and thereby inspire
a debate on the
possibility of collusion in the coming round of trade negotiations with a particular
focus on the
options of developing countries. Members’ positions on a range of issues identified
as important in
the coming round are rated and used as inputs in a correlation analysis and two forms
of cluster
analyses to identify potential alliances between members with reasonably similar
positions. The
paper identifies nine clusters of countries that are internally similar. Among these
clusters, the
positions of most developing countries are most similar to the positions of the so-called
Cairns
group and the US, whereas the European Union and Norway are significantly isolated
and
positioned far away from the developing countries. The paper concludes that developing
countries
have opportunities of forming alliances with specific developed countries in order
to promote their
trade objectives in the coming round of negotiations.


Опубликовано на портале: 30-11-2003
Atanu Ghoshray, Tim Lloyd
2003
This paper brings time series techniques to bear on the relationships between the
prices of the principal types
of wheat traded internationally. In all, the relationships between eleven wheat prices
(categorised by wheat
quality, harvest date and port of despatch) are scrutinised to uncover
the structure of the wheat market
implicit in the behaviour its prices reveal. The statistical evidence supports the
notion of a highly integrated
market that is segmented according to wheat strength . the principal determinant
of end-use. Three segments
are identified: a market for "strong" (bread-making) wheat, another for
"weak" (confectionary products-
making) wheat and a third for medium strength wheat suitable for unleavened breads
and noodles. Whilst
informative, market integration - detected by cointegration among prices . is not
altogether surprising, yet
the presence of cointegration implies a causal structure, which is of more cogent
interest. Among a number
of complementary techniques, linkages are uncovered using an innovative
concept of irreducible
cointegration vectors (Davidson 1998, Barassi et al 2001) which provides new evidence
on price linkages.
Statistical evidence is robust and not test-dependent. Specifically, we find a dominant
price leader in each
sub-market. In terms of its pricing, the EU is found to play a passive role in the
world market, confirming a
widely held view.

