Экономика » Экономика отраслевых рынков » Аграрная экономика » Международная торговля агропродовольственной продукцией
Всего публикаций в данном разделе: 3
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Опубликовано на портале: 30-11-2003
Anwar F. Chishti, Waqar Malik
2002
A theory-based graphical analysis of WTO’s trade liberalization policies (opening
of
close-economy to international trade and cuts in price-supports, import-tariffs and
exportsubsidies)
suggests that most of such policies would yield net social gains to the society,
as a
whole. The adverse effects and losses in producer surpluses of some of the policies
would be
balanced out by greater gains in consumer surpluses and vice versa. Losses in producer
surpluses
due to cuts in price supports and import tariffs are also expected to be partially
subsided by
reductions in export subsidies mainly granted by the USA and EU; hence, policies
need to be
enforced, not in isolation, but in a simultaneous fashion.
Trade liberalization would help minimize control of individuals on trade, leave less
room
for individual policy makers, tax collectors and interest groups to exploit situations
in their own
interest and lead the economy to be run in accordance with the supply and demand
forces based
on the last lasting general tendency of human nature. This would help to achieve
a sustainable
and stable agricultural growth; however, more durable sustained growth would depend
as how
effectively trade liberalization is pursued and enforced the world over. Opening
of closed
economy for exportables, and withdrawal of export subsidies by foreign exporters
would be proproducers
and would directly contribute to poverty alleviation. Opening of economy for
importables, withdrawal of price supports and tariff-cuts on imports would yield
savings to
consumers and would positively contribute towards poverty reduction.


Опубликовано на портале: 30-11-2003
Jay Fabiosa, John C. Beghin, Stephane de Cara, Cheng Fang, Murat Isik, Holger Matthey
2003
Using a partial equilibrium model of world agriculture, we investigate the multilateral
removal of all border
taxes and farm programs and their distortion of world agricultural markets. These
distortions have significant
terms-of-trade effects. World trade is also significantly impacted by both
types of distortions. Trade
expansion is substantial for most commodities, especially dairy, meats, and vegetable
oils. Net agricultural
and food exporters (Brazil, Australia, and Argentina) emerge with expanded exports;
whereas net importing
countries with limited distortions before liberalization are penalized by
higher world markets prices and
reduced imports. The US gains significant export shares in livestock products
and imports more dairy
products. Without protection and domestic subsidies, the EU loses many
of its livestock and dairy export
markets.


Опубликовано на портале: 04-01-2004
Wayne Moyer, Timothy Josling
USA: Blackwell Publishing Company, 1990, 256 с.
Книга об аграрной политике США и ЕС. Рассматриваются различные подходы в области
поддержки сельского хозяйства и отношения между ЕС и США. В анализе процесса принятия
решений по сельскому хозяйству авторами используются современные модели из теории
общественного выбора. Затрагивается международный аспект либерализации торговли сельскохозяйственной
продукции и противоречивость внутренних аграрных политик.



