Книги

Финляндия уже давно попала в центр сообщества информации и коммуникационных технологий, обрастая исключительно успешными компаниями и эффективным распространением медиатехнологий, а также значительным коэффициентом инноваций во всех социальных сферах. Тем не менее, ее социальные и культурные ценности и институциональное управление являются контрастными по отношению к Силиконовой Долине. Ключевой миф неолиберализма состоит в том, что государственные компании неэффективны и убыточны по определению. Однако при взгляде на компанию Sitra, деятельность которой подробно анализируется в предлагаемой вниманию читателей книге, рушится вся система идеологической аргументации "Вашингтонского консенсуса". Sitra не просто добилась высокой эффективности, но и стала силой, преобразующей все финское общество. В сущности, перед нами модель общественной корпорации новой эпохи. Модель, имеющая ценность не только применительно к Финляндии, и не только в информационном секторе.

East Asia's dynamic entrance into the global economy has provided a fruitful avenue for research in economic sociology. In this perceptive and timely volume, the authors theorize Asian capitalism and analyze the economic organization of East Asia. Presenting differing dimensions of a Weberian perspective, the authors first provide a theoretical grounding, then consider capitalism in East Asia comparatively, and finally contrast the economies of East Asia and Europe. The book shows how radically different social and cultural institutions can lead to economies that are organized in remarkably similar ways.

Shareholder Value versus Wertschöpfung Wandel der politischen Ökonomie in Deutschland Die Praxis der Unternehmensführung ist in Deutschland seit den neunziger Jahren zunehmend aktionärsorientiert. Martin Höpner untersucht am Beispiel der vierzig größten deutschen Kapitalgesellschaften Ursachen und Konsequenzen dieser Entwicklung. Deutsche Großunternehmen bemühen sich in den neunziger Jahren verstärkt, ihre Unternehmenskontrollsysteme an den Interessen der Aktionäre auszurichten. In der öffentlichen Debatte wird dieser Vorgang unter dem Schlagwort »Shareholder Value« diskutiert – ein Begriff, der eine Unternehmenspolitik bezeichnet, die auf die Bedienung der Finanzinteressen der Aktionäre und damit auf die Steigerung der Aktienkurse zielt. Doch die Aktienkurse spiegeln nicht die Wertschöpfung des Unternehmens, sondern nur deren Verteilung wider. Aus der Sicht von z.B. Arbeitnehmern, Zulieferern, Abnehmern und Endverbrauchern ist der Shareholder Value quasi bedeutungslos, weil für diese Gruppen andere Unternehmenswerte von Belang sind. Martin Höpner diskutiert in seiner Untersuchung die Vereinbarkeit einer Shareholder-Value-Orientierung mit dem deutschen System der Arbeitsbeziehungen, das durch ein hohes Maß an Regulierung und Mitbestimmung gekennzeichnet ist. Er zeigt, dass aktionärsorientierte Unternehmensführung gerade nicht auf dauerhafte Steigerungen der Wertschöpfung (zum Beispiel durch Unternehmenswachstum) zielt, sondern auf dauerhafte Steigerungen des Aktionärsnutzens, der mit den Ansprüchen, die andere Gruppen an Unternehmen richten, durchaus in Konflikt geraten kann. Höpners wirtschaftssoziologische Studie interpretiert die zunehmende Managementorientierung an den Finanzinteressen der Aktionäre als einen Indikator dafür, dass sich in den zugrunde liegenden Spielregeln und Kräfteverhältnissen, unter denen die am Unternehmensgeschehen beteiligten Gruppen zusammentreffen, grundlegende Veränderungen vollzogen haben. Der Autor stellt seine Befunde in den Kontext der Theorie über Modelle des Kapitalismus und leistet so einen wichtigen Beitrag zur politisch-ökonomischen Theorie der gegenwärtigen Liberalisierungsprozesse.

What are the most important differences among national economies? Is globalization forcing nations to converge on an Anglo-American model? What explains national differences in social and economic policy? This pathbreaking work outlines a new approach to these questions. It highlights the role of business in national economies and shows that there is more than one path to economic success.

This informative book discusses the effects of the rise of Chinese capitalism on both China itself, and on its neighbours. Incorporating empirical data collated from interviews in several Asian societies and from historical Chinese sources, this renowned author analyzes, discusses and applies an institutional approach derived from the writings of Max Weber to explore the various aspects of Chinese economic practice. Consisting of sixteen articles that come together to provide historical, comparative and theoretically informed perspectives on the spread of Chinese capitalism, this collection emphasizes the difference between Western and Chinese forms of capitalism. Including sections on China's pre-industrial economy as well as the growth of modern Chinese capitalism, this collection will be a valuable resource for students of Asian and Chinese studies as well as those concerned with the economics of Chinese societies.

The economies of South Korea and Taiwan in the second half of the twentieth century are to scholars of economic development what the economy of Britain in the late eighteenth and early nineteeth century is to economic historians. This book, a collaboration between a leading trade economist and a leading economic sociologist specializing in East Asia, offers a fresh, original explanation of the development paths of post-World War II Korea and Taiwan. The ambitions of the authors go beyond this, however. They use these cases to reshape the way economists, sociologists, and political scientists will think about economic organization in the future. They offer nothing less than a theory of, and extended evidence for, how capitalist economies become organized. One of the principal empirical findings is that a primary cause for the industrialization of East Asia is the retail revolution in the United States and the demand-responsiveness of Asian manufacturers. A highly unusual collaboration between a leading economist and a leading economic sociologist. An original theory of economic organization that is subject to multiple empirical tests and historical evidence. A brand new interpretation of the industrialization of East Asia

A new firm-centred perspective on the French political economy Analysis of economic readjustment in France 1980-2000 Contains a critique of the conventional perspectives on the relationship between state, economy, and society Case studies include Renault, EDF, Moulinex, and SNCF Between 1980 and 1985, the French economy and industry faced a dramatic crisis; in the ten years that followed, it witnessed a remarkable revival. How did the French economy make this transition? While the state is still an important economic agent in France, and the market certainly has become more central in the organization of the French economy, both state- and market-centered perspectives fail to understand critical elements of this adjustment. Building on the new Varieties of Capitalism approach in political economy which puts firms at the center of the analysis, this book argues that the post-war, state-led system changed into a system organized by and around the large firms. Large firms have always been central in the French post-war economic development model. In the past, however, they adapted to patterns set by the central state. By exploiting the possibilities in government policies in different areas such as finance, labour relations, and regional policies, the large firms were able to induce their main interlocutors - the state, banks, labour unions, workers, and small firms - to adjust in a way which was congruent with their own interests. From subservient economic agents, they became the drivers of economic adjustment. Through this case study of readjustment in France, this book offers a subtle critique of neo-institutionalist perspectives on firms. Institutional frameworks do not simply offer scenarios for adjustment, but are themselves constructions of economic and political actors and therefore subject to change and reorganization. By analysing how large firms in France, arguably one of the least likely places to harbour such endogenous capacities, changed their institutional environment to fit their own needs, this book offers an important new perspective on the political economy of industrial and economic change.

В этом увлекательном и захватывающем сборнике очерков классик мирового менеджмента Чарльз Хэнди берет нас с собой в интеллектуальное путешествие по изменяющемуся миру и показывает, как мы должны адаптироваться, чтобы не только выжить, но и преуспеть в новых экономических условиях. Книгу можно рекомендовать не только практикующим специалистам по менеджменту и маркетингу, так как она содержит много интересной и полезной информации, но и всем, кто хочет научиться жить в ногу со временем и не бояться будущего.

Слон и блоха - странная метафора, но она как нельзя более точно отражает структуру бизнес-сообщества, которая формируется сейчас в мире. Чарльз Хэнди, авторитетнейший ученый с мировым именем и один из ведущих мыслителей в сфере бизнеса и экономики, в своей новой книге показывает тенденции развития бизнеса и общества. В современном мире, когда экономика стала переходить от производства к услугам, с огромными слонами прошлого (большими организациями) сосуществуют и успешно конкурируют индивидуумы или небольшие компании (блохи), которые вносят инновации в бизнес. Каково будущее капитализма и как он изменится при условии, что ценность теперь облечена в знания и ноу-хау, а не в землю и вещи, которые можно увидеть и пересчитать? Как будут управляться новые, растущие корпорации и кому они будут подотчетны, если выручка многих из них больше, чем у большинства государств? Как общество приспособится к виртуальному миру, где территориальные границы стираются Интернетом? Каким станет мир работы в электронном веке, с новыми сочетаниями блох и слонов? На эти и другие вопросы можно найти ответы в новом бестселлере Ч.Хэнди. Книга ориентирована на широкую аудиторию

With its roots in history and eyes on the future, this book traces the development of our economic society from the Middle Ages to the present, offering a balanced perspective of why our economy is the way it is and where it may be headed. It explores the catalytic role past economic trends and dynamics–particularly capitalism–have played in creating the present challenges we face, and offers suggestions on how we may deal with them most effectively in the future. Chapter topics include the economic problem, the premarket economy, the emergence of market society, the industrial revolution, the great depression, the rise of the public sector, modern capitalism emerges in Europe, the golden age of capitalism, the rise and fall of socialism, the globalization of economic life, and why some nations remain poor. For individuals interested in the economic history.

Philip Hoffman shatters the widespread myth that traditional agricultural societies in early modern Europe were socially and economically stagnant and ultimately dependent on wide-scale political revolution for their growth. Through a richly detailed historical investigation of the peasant agriculture of ancien-régime France, the author uncovers evidence that requires a new understanding of what constituted economic growth in such societies. His arguments rest on a measurement of long-term growth that enables him to analyze the economic, institutional, and political factors that explain its forms and rhythms. In comparing France with England and Germany, Hoffman arrives at fresh answers to some classic questions: Did French agriculture lag behind farming in other countries? If so, did the obstacles in French agriculture lurk within peasant society itself, in the peasants' culture, in their communal property rights, or in the small scale of their farms? Or did the obstacles hide elsewhere, in politics, in the tax system, or in meager opportunities for trade? The author discovers that growth cannot be explained by culture, property rights, or farm size, and argues that the real causes of growth derived from politics and gains from trade. By challenging other widely held beliefs, such as the nature of the commons and the workings of the rural economy, Hoffman offers a new analysis of peasant society and culture, one based on microeconomics and game theory and intended for a wide range of social scientists.