Книги

This book brings together six years of research and writing by two leading thinkers on global organization. Drawing on their detailed knowledge of major corporations, including ABB, Canon, 3M, and McKinsey, Ghoshal and Bartlett argue that we are witnessing the emergence of a new and radically different organizational form. The philosophy that underpins this form focuses on the power of the individual as the driver of value creation in the company and on the importance of individuality in management. Stressing the significance of purpose, process and people, their analysis pays particular attention to creating and leveraging knowledge, building organizational capabilities as well as developing individual competence. Readers may already be familiar with some of Ghoshal and Bartlett's ideas that have been published elsewhere-but by bringing them together here, they become at once more accessible and more challenging.

The paper studies the relations between technological strategies and market success of firms, through an empirical analysis of the commercial aero-engine industry since 1948 to 1997 detailed at the level of competition among single firms products. It uses a multidimensional measure of technical progress through Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) for measuring technological performances of single products and firms and data on sales of each product over time for representing market success. The paper confirms the existence of heterogeneity of firms technological strategies and draws some main conclusions with respect to strategies of convergence and divergence from the technological frontier, first mover advantage and survival of inefficient products.

A guide integrating the most current strategic management theories and practices, with an array of interactive features. Includes comprehensive cases at the end of each chapter, of companies such as Levi-Strauss and Starbucks, a companion Web site giving students access to online study guides, Internet resources, and more

В данной книге рассматривается понятие стратегического альянса, виды альянсов, проблемы их практического применения, влияние на участников альянса, различные отрасли и экономику в целом. Приводятся и анализируются многочисленные примеры деятельности альянсов фирм-конкурентов, включая интеграционные, псевдоконцентрационные и комплементарные альянсы, а также партнерств неконкурирующих фирм, включая транснациональные предприятия, вертикальные партнерства и межотраслевые соглашения.
Рассчитана на специалистов-практиков, менеджеров, студентов экономических вузов.

In this paper, first of all, a review of theoretical perspectives of co-opetition is made, and then, the authors identify alternative types of strategic behavior from the combination of competitive and cooperative attitudes. The aim of presented empirical study was to analyze correlation between different strategic behavior and performance. Particularly, the hypothesis was contrasted in the biotechnology industry.

The coopetition is a different way to behave in businesses affected by emerging technologies. To explain why coopetition is frequent in these businesses, the paper suggests the idea that competitors decide to cooperate because in emerging technologies there is a competition among network of innovators focused on the technology development and the access to the marketplace. Based on the level of cooperation (high or low) among competitors on technology development and market creation, the paper organizes in a framework the following types of coopetition: a) exchanges of existing knowledge; b) collaborative research & development activities; c) market alliances either for setting new standards or integrating existing business. Each type of coopetition can depict either a specific choice of a firm to effectively compete in the marketplace or a portfolio of firms coopetitive activities that evolves over time.

В книге представлена новая модель управления бизнесом, основанная на широко известных на Западе критериях Болдриджа. Изучение запросов потребителя и удовлетворение этих запросов - начало и конец цикла, включающего бизнес-планирование, организацию производства, подбор и мотивацию персонала и другие аспекты. Ключевое понятие концепции, уже получившей широкое распространение во всем мире, - "качество", причем качество "всеобщее", поскольку оно относится не только к товарам и услугам, но и ко всем остальным аспектам менеджмента, то есть предполагает переход к системному управлению. Приведены примеры использования новой модели управления более чем в 50 компаниях, относящихся к самым разным отраслям (производство алюминия, электроника, автомобилестроение, производство мороженого, страхование, фотография и даже доставка почты), с различным количеством сотрудников (от 30 до 30000 человек). Переход к новой системе в одних компаниях начинали со стратегического планирования, в других - с обучения персонала, в третьих - с оптимизации производственного процесса. Общим у всех явилось использование именно этой модели управления и достижение впечатляющего успеха. Отбор компаний для исследования проводился с помощью процесса бенчмаркинга, суть которого тоже описывается в книге. Их опыт может быть полезен многим. Книга предназначена для высшего и среднего управленческого звена, предпринимателей, а также студентов, обучающихся по специальностям менеджмент, менеджмент организации, управление персоналом, маркетинг, управление качеством и другим.

This paper tries to show the relationship between strategic process and process performance, considering the influence of a contextual dimension of organisational complexity. The authors introduce the term vertical complexity, which as considered more related to process. Correlation analysis show the influence of both intention and rationality in the process performance with low levels of vertical complexity in the firm. For high levels of vertical complexity, process and performance are not so strongly related, confirming only partially some of our hypotheses. The final sample were 112 big Spanish firms corresponding to very different industries.

This paper presents some measures of complexity of decomposable structures. The literature on complexity is reviewed and then the distinction among different measures of complexity is discussed. At first, a broad definition of complex systems is provided and the main characteristics of such systems are described briefly. Then, two particular kinds of measures are considered. The first group is based on information theory and deals with the concept of entropy. This index refers to the amount of information that we need in order to understand what is happening within a system. The authors claim that the entropy measure focuses only on the information complexity of a system without taking account of the interdependencies existing among the components. And finally, it was discussed the usefulness of both entropy and Kauffmans K value as appropriate measures of the complexity of decomposable structures.

This paper sets out to assess the ability of Europes textile manufacturers to respond to the competitive challenge of low-cost producers from Eastern Europe and the Far East. In doing so it utilises Porters framework of the competitive advantage of nations to analyse the changing conditions under which the industry operates. The paper highlights the differing structure of the textile industry in the UK and Italy in order to demonstrate that the impact of competition may vary across the EU market as a whole. The conclusion suggests that the ability of European producers to resist the threat from low cost producers of textiles will lie in their ability to extend the strategy of developing high value added products directed towards the top-end of the market to embrace the middle range of consumers and it argues that the industrial groupings which feature collaborative but independent clusters of firms are most likely to succeed in this objective.

How can unacquainted organizations generate cooperative behavior? The researchers address this question in a case study of the process that leads to a strategic alliance between French and Japanese auto-makers Renault and Nissan - two organizations with no prior basis for a core of cooperative behavior to exist. Analyzed in the spirit of theory development, the case study turns on inter-individual processes and time. The data lead us to a gift-theoretical interpretation. Building upon the fundamental anthropological idea of gift / contra-gift (Mauss, 1925/1990) to describe cooperative behaviors between unacquainted individuals, researchers articulate how different types of gifts and the pace of reciprocal giving are employed to generate cooperative behavior over time. Critically for practical relevance and theoretical scope, the gift-theoretical approach developed does not impose linearity: the generation of cooperative behavior can be routinized, escalated, or even reversed. To the literature on cooperation in inter-organizational relationships, researchers offer an interpretative framework for further theoretical elaboration and empirical testing. To the literature on strategic alliances, researchers present the groundwork for bringing the "beginning back in" to the study of how partnerships evolve.

Strategic Planning for Local Government, second edition, outlines the strategic planning process in local government and helps local government leaders anticipate and shape the future of their communities. It covers practical ways of obtaining information, analyzing that information, and developing a vision for the community that can be translated into programs and line items in a budget.

Книга написана на основе многолетнего опыта консультирования и изучения преобразований крупнейших корпораций мира. Авторы рассматривают корпорацию не как `бездушный` механизм, состоящий из отдельных сменных деталей, а как целостный `живой` организм. Его трансформация требует всестороннего согласования воздействия (`лечения`), а не локального `хирургического` вмешательства. Книга посвящена концепции построения так называемой биокорпорации, секрет долголетия которой заключается в способности управлять одновременным взаимосвязанным преобразованием всех ее систем (технологии, менеджмент, человеческие ресурсы, взаимодействие с окружающей средой и т.д.). Книга предназначена для студентов и преподавателей вузов, руководителей, консультантов, всех, интересующихся современными проблемами управления.

The paper outlines a new pluralistic method for analyzing, assessing and improving corporate governance structures in their traits relevant both for financial and for human capital providers. The framework seeks to enlarge the rather universalistic approach to governance structures ranking used in the economic (principal-agent) approach, introducing sensitiveness to some relevant contingencies. Among the contingencies, task complexity and innovativeness is supposed to matter, as well as the configuration of motivations and preferences of capital providers which are supposed not to be uniform but to be predictable in their main configurations. The framewok is design-oriented and aimed at improving corporate governance configurations in a generative way, based on the discovery of superior matches between the preferences of different cathegories of capital providers over governance mechanisms (rather than focused, as usual, on the comparative assessment of discrete realized models). The approach is relational in two ways: it builds governance structures on pairwise analyses of effective matches among preference configurations; it builds governance structures as nexuses of complementary governance mechanisms (effective matches among mechanisms).

The objective of this paper is to contribute to a perspective on economic performance; i.e. the interaction between norms specific to a company, the knowledge basis of the company and innovation. The main questions in this article are: What is the connection between norms specific to the company, the knowledge basis of the company and innovation? The main thesis in the article is that a companys capabilities are primarily developed on the basis of social norms and values already existing in the social relations of the company. This in turn influences how the company develops and applies the knowledge basis, thus influencing innovation strategies.