Всего публикаций в данном разделе: 90
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Опубликовано на портале: 29-11-2003
Steffen Abele, Peter Voigt, Peter Weingarten
2002
Subsistence agriculture in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) has only recently gained
interest
from agricultural economists. Their origin, their future and even their definition
is still not
well elaborated. This paper tries to throw light on the issue of subsistence farming
in CEE. It
first discusses the theoretical and empirical background of subsistence agriculture.
This part is
followed by a typology of subsistence farming as found in CEE. Analysis considers
several
hypotheses on the cause of subsistence agriculture, among them the structure of land
ownership,
market imperfections and lack of alternative income sources or low opportunity costs
of
labour respectively. Of all these hypotheses, only the latter can be proofed empirically,
which
is done by a nonlinear regression analysis. The paper concludes that this gives reason
to argue
that rather economic problems than specific problems related to the agricultural
structure in
CEE determine the degree of subsistence farming. Consequently, structural and social
policies
rather than agricultural policies like market intervention are to be considered.


Опубликовано на портале: 09-12-2003
Mark Armstrong, Simon G.B. Cowan, John Vickers
Massachusetts: MIT Press, 1994, 406 с.
Regulatory reform had its beginnings in the United States in the 1970s, and today
it is taking place around the globe. One of the central questions for industrial
policy is how to regulate firms with market power. Regulatory Reform tackles this
important policy issue in two parts: it describes an analytical framework for studying
the main issues in regulatory reform, and then applies the analysis to the British
experience in four utility industries - telecommunications, gas, electricity, and
water supply. Britain's utility industries, state-owned monopolies just ten years
ago, offer a dramatic example of comprehensive reforms with parallels elsewhere:
industries have been restructured, markets have been liberalized, and new regulatory
methods and institutions have been created. The authors focus on common policy questions
that arise in each industry while taking into account the considerable diversity
between the industries and the different reform policies adopted. The analysis and
experience in Britain's utility industries also provides a rich variety of issues
concerning monopolistic and anticompetitive practices that are of interest for competition
policy in general.



Опубликовано на портале: 24-01-2003
Ray Barrell, Genre Veronique
London: National Institute of Economic and Social Research, 1999
В последние десятилетия многие европейские страны сталкиваются с ростом неравенства
в доходах и заработной плате, долгосрочной безработицей. Особенно это касается таких
групп на рынке труда, как женщины и молодёжь. Таким образом, реформа рынка труда
как необходимый инструмент эффективного развития экономики в целом, осознается практически
всеми. В данной работе описывается реформирование рынка труда, проводимое в Соединённом
Королевстве, а также в других европейских странах (Дании, Новой Зеландии, Нидерландах).
Особое внимание уделяется политике занятости, которая может осуществляться по двум
направлениям: создание новых рабочих мест, во-первых, или осуществление ряда мер
для более гибкого и эффективного функционирования рынка труда, во-вторых. Часто эти
подходы противоречат друг другу и требуют разных мер государственного регулирования.
Кроме этого, в книге обсуждаются меры государственной защиты тех групп, которые являются
менее конкурентными на рынке труда.


Опубликовано на портале: 31-03-2005
Fabio Bartolini, Vittorio Gallerani, Meri Raggi, Davide Viaggi
2004
The objective of the paper is to develop a methodology for supporting the evaluation
and
design of agri-environmental schemes. The methodology is based on a combination of
mathematical programming, contract theory and multicriteria analysis and is tested
on a case
study in Northern Italy. The methodology proposed can add insights into the policy
design
process, by taking consistently into account three issues often overlooked: the adaptation
of
cropping systems to the measures proposed; the diversity of compliance costs among
farmers;
the multidimensionality of the decision problem.


Опубликовано на портале: 26-02-2003
Richard Blundell, Dias Monica Costa, Costas Meghir, John Van Reenen
2003
Cтатья посвящена оценке государственной программы "Новое предложение для безработной
молодежи"по содействию занятости
в Англии на основе данных панельного исследования 1982 - 1999 гг.


Опубликовано на портале: 30-12-2003
Harry B. Bowen, Abraham Hollander, Jean-Marie Viaene
Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 1998, 680 с.
This text is about positive and normative issues in international trade and focuses
on methods of applied analysis. It includes essential theory sections and chapters
dealing with imperfect competition and other new trade theory topics. It also identifies
the implications and weaknesses of the various theories and models in terms of empirical
implementation. In summary, the text provides a complete and up-to-date approach
to applied international trade analysis.


Опубликовано на портале: 31-12-2003
Martina Brockmeier, Claudia A. Herok, Oliver von Ledebur, Petra Salamon
Durban, 2003
Enlarging the EU presents a tremendous effort with obstacles for old and new member
states especially in
the agricultural sector. In this paper, impacts of a new accession round were analyzed
with the help of the
comparative-static general equilibrium model GTAP (Global Trade Analysis Project).
The standard version
was extended to allow for a better representation of specific instruments of the
Common Agriculture Policy
and the EU budget.
To capture detailed effects in new member states, simulations were carried out for 12 candidate countries, the EU-15 and the rest of the world. As for products the focus lies on agriculture. Scenarios include an enlargement with and without the transfer of direct payments in the new member states, according to the proposal of the EU commission from January 2002. Simulations in a post-Agenda 2000 environment led to heterogeneous country specific impacts in the accession countries whereas the changes within EU-15 and the rest of the world were negligible. Due to adjustments in tariffs, trade balances of the new member states were deteriorating while welfare effects are positive. Transfer of direct payments led to more pronounced effects, especially with regard to output and trade. Without direct payments accession countries would be net contributors to the EU budget. This would change when they become eligible for this subsidy. In general, the analysis shows the importance of a country specific perspective.
To capture detailed effects in new member states, simulations were carried out for 12 candidate countries, the EU-15 and the rest of the world. As for products the focus lies on agriculture. Scenarios include an enlargement with and without the transfer of direct payments in the new member states, according to the proposal of the EU commission from January 2002. Simulations in a post-Agenda 2000 environment led to heterogeneous country specific impacts in the accession countries whereas the changes within EU-15 and the rest of the world were negligible. Due to adjustments in tariffs, trade balances of the new member states were deteriorating while welfare effects are positive. Transfer of direct payments led to more pronounced effects, especially with regard to output and trade. Without direct payments accession countries would be net contributors to the EU budget. This would change when they become eligible for this subsidy. In general, the analysis shows the importance of a country specific perspective.


Опубликовано на портале: 27-11-2006
Deborah Bryceson, Ulla Vuorela
Berg Publishers Ltd, 2002, 288 с.
Migrant networks, in the form of families, associational ties and social organizations,
stretch across the globe, connecting cultures and bridging national boundaries. The
effects of this global networking are vast. This book is the first to stand back
and explore the impact. Families living outside of their original national boundaries
have had, and continue to have, a profound influence over the flow of people, goods,
money and information. More in-depth perspectives reveal how immigrants face troubling
issues of cultural identity, economic change, political uncertainty and social welfare.
From an examination of nineteenth-century transnational families emigrating from
Europe, to the Ghanaian Pentecostal diaspora in Europe today, this book combines
broadly based analysis with more unusual case studies to reveal the complexities
that immigrants and refugees must contend with in their daily lives. What are the
experiences of migrant Turkish women living in Germany? In what ways has religion
been hybridized amongst West African Muslim migrants in Paris? What are the gender
relations and transnational ties amongst Bosnian refugees? Never has such a topic
been more relevant. Problems relating to immigrants' and refugees' situations in
their adopted countries continue to grow. This book, wide-ranging in its geographical
and thematic scope, is a highly important and timely addition to debates on transnational
families, immigrants and refugees.


Опубликовано на портале: 02-09-2003
Guillermo A. Calvo, Carlos A. Vegh
2003
High and persistent inflation has been one of the distinguishing macroeconomic characteristics
of many developing countries since the end of World War II. Countries afflicted by
chronic inflation, however, have not taken their fate lightly and have engaged in
repeated stabilization attempts. More often than not, stabilization plans have failed.
The end of stabilizations -- particularly those which rely on a pegged exchange rate
-- has often involved dramatic balance of payment crises. As stabilization plans
come and go, a large literature has developed trying to document the main empirical
regularities and understand the key issues involved. This paper undertakes a critical
review and evaluation of the literature related to inflation stabilization policies
and balance of payment crises in developing countries.

Опубликовано на портале: 11-12-2002
Bruno Cassiman, Reinhilde Veugelers
2002
Successful innovation depends on the development and integration of new knowledge
in the innovation process. In order to successfully innovate, the firm will combine
different innovation activities. In addition to doing own research and development,
firms typically are engaged in the acquisition of knowledge on the technology market
and cooperate actively in R&D with other firms and research organizations. In this
paper the authors provide evidence on complementarity between different innovation
activities. Using data from the Community Innovation Survey on Belgian
manufacturing firms, the authors show that firms that are only engaged in a single
innovation
strategy, either internal R&D activities or sourcing technology externally, introduced
fewer new or substantially improved products compared to firms which combine
internal and external sourcing. This result is consistent with complementarity between
own R&D and external technology sourcing activities. Furthermore, the authors show
that the
different innovation activities are strongly positively correlated and identify common
drivers, resulting in the perceived complementarity between these innovation
activities. An important finding is that a capacity to strategically protect intellectual
property and a more basic R&D base which may serve as an absorptive capacity, are
important common drivers for the different innovation activities.


Опубликовано на портале: 27-07-2004
Authors study financial fragility, exchange rate crises and monetary policy in an
open economy model in which banks are maturity transformers as in Diamond-Dybvig.
The banking system, the exchange rate regime, and central bank credit policy are
seen as parts of a mechanism intended to maximize social welfare; if the mechanism
fails, banking crises and speculative attacks become possible. Authors compare currency
boards, fixed rate and flexible rates, with and without a lender of last resort.
A currency board cannot implement a socially optimal allocation; in addition, under
a currency board bank runs are possible. A fixed exchange rate system may implement
the social optimum but is more prone to bank runs and exchange rate crises than a
currency board. Larger capital inflows enhance welfare if the no-run equilibrium
occurs, but may also render the economy more vulnerable to self-fulfilling runs.
A flexible exchange rate system implements the social optimum and eliminates runs,
provided the exchange rate and central bank lending policies of the central bank
are appropriately designed.


Опубликовано на портале: 19-04-2007
Thomas H. Davenport, Marius Leibold, Sven C. Voelpel
London: Wiley, 2006, 441 с.
During the past few years, the global environment has been increasingly causing revolutionary,
disruptive innovation changes in traditional industries, corporations and business
models. Traditional approaches to strategy are proving to be inadequate to deal with
these changes, and those who want to survive and succeed in the highly competitive
global economy urgently need more dynamic, innovative and holistic approaches to
strategy and strategic management.
The major focus of this book is to provide new strategic management approaches and tools to enable capabilities for rapid, discontinuous organizational innovation and change. For both advanced students and business managers, it presents a well-balanced combination of leading-edge theory supported by published articles of prominent scholars, and case studies & examples, all designed to substantiate a new strategic mindset, innovative tools, and practical applications for significantly increased innovative capabilities
The major focus of this book is to provide new strategic management approaches and tools to enable capabilities for rapid, discontinuous organizational innovation and change. For both advanced students and business managers, it presents a well-balanced combination of leading-edge theory supported by published articles of prominent scholars, and case studies & examples, all designed to substantiate a new strategic mindset, innovative tools, and practical applications for significantly increased innovative capabilities


Опубликовано на портале: 31-03-2005
Detlef Deumlich, J. Thiere, H. I. Reuter, L. Völker, R. Funk, Joachim Kiesel
2004
This paper presents a comparative method (SICOM) to evaluate complex site conditions
at
the level of a Federal State (Brandenburg) and at different areal units. The methodology
uses
primary site conditions and provides the possibility to objectively compare and judge
different
ecological questions. Objects with heterogeneous content are pooled in comparison
groups.
Consideration of the main site characteristics allows a goal-oriented allocation
of subsidies.
The use of SICOM is demonstrated for the wind and water erosion risk assessment across
different scales from Federal State down to a parcel of land. The “parcel”
aggregation-level
proves to be useful to assess the erosion risk. Larger scales are less useful in
the
assessment of subsidies policy with regard to erosion risk. SICOM is demonstrated
to be
suitable for comparing and assessing regional aspects more objectively.


Опубликовано на портале: 30-12-2003
Marijke D'Haese, Wim Verbeke, Guido Van Huylenbroeck, Johann Kirsten, Luc D'Haese
Durban, 2003
Commercial producers, brokers, exporters and spinners dominate the wool
supply chain in South Africa.
Until recently smallholder farmers in the Transkei region had limited access to a
profitable market outlet for
their wool. In response, the South African wool industry has taken the
initiative to help local farmers by
building shearing sheds, under which the local association can bulk the
wool and trade directly with the
brokers. More direct access to the wool brokers is a prerequisite for the farmer
to develop a viable business.
This article investigates on the effect of membership in the local shearing shed association on the farmers. revenue. A two-step regression model of the gross margin is used to analyse whether farmers selling through the local association have better financial records as compared to those who sell their wool to local traders. This article exemplifies how institutional innovation through local marketing associations can contribute to economic development in poor rural areas.
This article investigates on the effect of membership in the local shearing shed association on the farmers. revenue. A two-step regression model of the gross margin is used to analyse whether farmers selling through the local association have better financial records as compared to those who sell their wool to local traders. This article exemplifies how institutional innovation through local marketing associations can contribute to economic development in poor rural areas.


Опубликовано на портале: 28-11-2003
Paul Diederen, Hans van Meijl, Arjan Wolters
2002
This paper addresses the question which factors influence a farmer in deciding to
adopt an innovation.
We differentiate between innovations that are new to the farmer, but already well
established in the sector, innovations that are early in their process of diffusion,
and innovations
that are new to the farmer’s sector. We use an ordered probit approach to relate
adoption
behaviour to variables that capture characteristics of the farm (labour and financial
resources
and market position), of the business environment of the farm (type of production
and market,
degree of regulation) and of the farmer (access to information, capabilities, preferences).
We
use data on 865 Dutch farms and find that innovation adoption is positively related
to labour
resources, market position, access to information and past adoption behaviour, and
negatively
to solvency and the degree of market regulation.

