Книга по экономике природных ресурсов и окружающей среде раскрывает проблемы использования природных ресурсов и загрязнения окружающей среды, их экономическую составляющую и последствия, современные механизмы и инструменты политики в области защиты окружающей среды и поведение экономических агентов.

Financial economics, and the calculations of time and uncertainty derived from it, are playing an increasingly important role in non-finance areas, such as monetary and environmental economics. Professors Le Roy and Werner here supply a rigorous yet accessible graduate-level introduction to this subfield of microeconomic theory and general equilibrium theory. Since students often find the link between financial economics and equilibrium theory hard to grasp, they devote less attention to purely financial topics such as calculation of derivatives, while aiming to make the connection explicit and clear in each stage of the exposition. Emphasis is placed on detailed study of two-date models, because almost all of the key ideas in financial economics can be developed in the two-date setting. In addition to rigorous analysis, substantial sections of discussion and examples are included to make the ideas readily understandable.

This brand-new principles of macroeconomics text is the most exciting new entry in years. Written by two well-known and well-respected economists, Bob Frank and Ben Bernanke, the text seeks to teach introductory students the core economic concepts-the essence of economics-without overwhelming them with details. Principles of Macroeconomics presents the material in an intuitive way that avoids excessive math. The authors introduce a well-articulated short list of core principles, reinforce them by illustrating and applying each principle in several contexts, and then ask students to work exercises to see what they’ve learned.

Principles of Marketing offers a well-structured, comprehensive and detailed journey through fundamental marketing concepts and the strategic context in which they are applied. As well as thorough theoretical coverage, this text emphasises implementation and application through highlighted examples, vignettes and case studies based on a wide variety of national and international organisations and brands.

Книга описывает фундаментальные маркетинговые концепции и показывает стратегический контекст, в котором они применяются. В тексте содержится множество реальных примеров применения принципов маркетинга национальными и международными организациями.

For undergraduate courses in Service Marketing and Management. This book presents an integrated approach. It includes a strong managerial orientation and strategic focus, uses an organizing framework, has extensive research citations, links theory to practice, and includes 9 cases.

Рекомендуется использовать во вводных курсах "Маркетинг и менеджмент услуг". Эта книга представляет интегрированный подход, фокусирующийся на менеджериальной и стратегической составляющих. Книга содержит большое количество исследовательских ссылок, 9 кейсов, показывает взаимосвязь между теорией и практикой.

Privatization is under attack. Beginning in the 1980s, thousands of failing state-owned enterprises worldwide have been turned over to the private sector. But public opinion has turned against privatization. A large political backlash has been brewing for some time, infused by accusations of corruption, abuse of market power, and neglect of the poor. What is the real record of privatization and are the criticisms justified? Privatization in Latin America evaluates the empirical evidence on privatization in a region that has witnessed an extensive decline in the state?s share of production over the past 20 years. The book is a compilation of recent studies that provide a comprehensive analysis of the record of and accusations against privatization, with important recommendations for the future. Seven countries are investigated: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru. This book will be vital to anyone interested in the privatization debate but especially to those involved in civil service reform, corporate governance, economic policy, finance, and anticorruption efforts.

Network utilities, such as electricity, telephones, and gas, are public utilities that require a fixed network to deliver their services. Because consumers have no choice of network, they risk exploitation by network owners. Once invested, however, a network's capital is sunk, and the bargaining advantage shifts from investor to consumer. The investor, fearing expropriation, may be reluctant to invest. The tension between consumer and investor can be side-stepped by state ownership. Alternatively, private ownership and consumers' political power can be reconciled through regulation. Either way, network utilities operate under terms set by the state.

David Newbery argues that price-setting rules comprise only part of the policy agenda. Network utilities pose special problems of ownership and regulation. He discusses the history of ownership and regulation, privatization, and theories of regulation. Examining three network utilities in detail--telecoms, electricity, and gas--he contrasts the regulatory approaches of Britain and the United States. He also looks at liberalization in a variety of other countries.

History shows that the mature forms of regulatory institutions are remarkably similar under both public and private ownership. This raises obvious questions such as: Will the forces that caused convergence to regulated vertical integration in the past reassert themselves? Can the benefits of competition be protected against the pressure to reintegrate? Will different utilities differ in their form and structure? A full understanding of the forces shaping regulatory institutions is necessary to answer these important questions.

Privatizing Russia offers an inside look at one of the most remarkable reforms in recent history. Having started on the back burner of Russian politics in the fall of 1991, mass privatization was completed on July 1, 1994, with two thirds of the Russian industry privately owned, a rapidly rising stock market, and 40 million Russians owning company shares. The authors, all key participants in the reform effort, describe the events and the ideas driving privatization. They argue that successful reformers must recognize privatization as a process of depoliticizing firms in the face of massive opposition: making the firm responsive to market rather than political influences. The authors first review the economic theory of property rights, identifying the political influence on firms as the fundamental failure of property rights under socialism. They detail the process of coalition building and compromise that ultmately shaped privatization. The main elements of the Russian program —corporatization, voucher use, and voucher auctions—are described, as is the responsiveness of privatized firms to outside investors. Finally, the market values of privatized assets are assessed for indications of how much progress the country has made toward reforming its economy. In many respects, privatization has been a great success. Market concepts of property ownership and corporate management are shaking up Russian firms at a breathtaking pace, creating powerful economic and political stimuli for continuation of market reforms. At the same time, the authors caution, the political landscape remains treacherous as old-line politicians reluctantly cede their property rights and authority over firms

The paper reports on the experiences gained from conducting the mid-term evaluation of SAPARD Program in Slovenia. The methodological approach lies in comparative analysis of two approaches: empirical approach, based on the application of Input-Output model and conventional approach based on application of evaluation techniques as proposed by the Guidelines prescribed by the European Commission. Limited scale of implementation has raised problems in economy-wide assessment of the impact and success of the Program. In some cases, quantitative relationships were also hard to assess due to the impact of external influences. Important limitations were found also in the case of conventional evaluation approach. The analysed case encountered some data-related problems (deficient monitoring data, almost exclusive dependence on primary data). There is also a more systemic problem of a limited contextual scope of this evaluation approach, which fails to provide sufficient information in the policy formation phase. Apart from comparison of alternative evaluation approaches, the paper also attempts to provide some wider implications for adoption of 'evaluation paradigm' in rural development policy in countries without a previous experience in this field.

Treating such contemporary design and development issues as identifying customer needs, design for manufacturing, prototyping, and industrial design, PRODUCT DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT presents in a clear and detailed way a set of product development techniques aimed at bringing together the marketing, design, and manufacturing functions of the enterprise. The integrative methods in the book facilitate problem solving and decision making among people with different disciplinary perspectives, reflecting the current industry trend to perform product design and development in cross-functional teams.

Эта небольшая книга Ульриха и Эппингера предлагает детальный анализ в рамках конструкторско - производственного подхода к разработке новых продуктов. Авторы описывают деятельность фирмы по разработке новых продуктов с точки зрения трех основных функций организации: маркетинг, конструирование и производство. В книге шаг за шагом описываются процедуры, применяемые на разных этапах процесса разработки новых продуктов. В качестве иллюстрации авторы описывают организацию процесса разработки продуктов в нескольких крупных корпорациях. Книга состоит из одиннадцати глав. Авторы рассматривают такие вопросы, как принятие решений относительно характеристик продукта, архитектура продукта, промышленное конструирование, организация производства, эффективное создание прототипов. В книге демонстрируется связь между такими фазами процесса как определение потребностей покупателей, разработка и отбор концепции продукта, внедрение нового продукта. Книга может использоваться как учебник для мини-курса, а также должна быть весьма привлекательной для практиков.

This study deals with horizontal product differentiation in the Polish pig meat market. Hypothesis among firms behaviour are derived from an illustrative model and tested in an empirical analysis using data from 1991-1998. The empirical analysis suggest that product differentiation is a relevant phenomenon in the polish pig meat markets. In addition we found that costs and competitions are important factors influencing price variation. However, further influences like price discrimination and vertical product differentiation are also important determinants for product price variations.

This paper examines the underlying nature of production development, its relationship to industry & markets within China, & its implications for Western collaboration. A substantive literature review is supported by a case illustration, selected from a random sample of low technology manufacturing companies.

The study is devoted to the measurement of productivity and efficiency change in Chinese farming sector over the reform process in the 1980s and 1990s. Within an output distance function framework, an index of total factor productivity is decomposed into technical and allocative efficiency, technical change, and scale effects. We estimate a parametric output distance function using individual farm household data from the province Zhejiang over the period 1986-2000. Results indicate that during the more market-oriented reform period in the mid 1980s productivity and technical efficiency increased while allocative efficiency remain constant. However, productivity growth and technical efficiency slow in the mid 1990s when market orientation of the reforms was reduced and self-sufficiency as a major goal reappeared on the political agenda.

The adoption of more efficient farming practices and technologies that enhance agricultural productivity and improve environmental sustainability is instrumental for achieving economic growth, food security and poverty alleviation in sub-Saharan Africa. Our research examines the interaction between public investments, community health, and adoption of productivity and land enhancing technologies by households in the northern Ethiopian state of Tigray. Agricultural technology adoption decisions are modeled as a sequential process where the timing of choices can matter. We find that time spent sick and opportunity costs of caring for sick family members are significant factors in adoption. Sickness, through its impact on household income and labor allocation decisions for healthcare and other activities, significantly reduces the likelihood of technology adoption. Our findings suggest that agencies working to improve agricultural productivity and land resource conservation should consider not only the financial status of potential adopters, but also their related health situation.