Всего публикаций в данном разделе: 2071
Опубликовано на портале: 07-10-2008
Steven T. Berry, Peter C. Reiss
Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, 2007
This chapter surveys empirical models of market structure. We pay particular attention
to equilibrium models that interpret cross-sectional variation in the number of firms
or firm turnover rates. We begin by discussing what economists can in principle learn
from models with homogeneous potential entrants. We then turn to models with heterogeneous
firms. In the process, we review applications that analyze market structure in airline,
retail, professional, auction, lodging, and broadcasting markets. We conclude with
a summary of more recent models that incorporate incomplete information, “set
identified” parameters, and dynamics.
Опубликовано на портале: 07-10-2008
Ariel Pakes, Ulrich Doraszelski
Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, 2007, cерия "Handbooks in Economics", 3
This paper reviews a framework for numerically analyzing dynamic interactions in
imperfectly competitive industries. The framework dates back to Ericson and Pakes
[1995. Review of Economic Studies 62, 53–82], but it is based on equilibrium
notions that had been available for some time before, and it has been extended in
many ways by different authors since. The framework requires as input a set of primitives
which describe the institutional structure in the industry to be analyzed. The framework
outputs profits and policies for every incumbent and potential entrant at each possible
state of the industry.
Опубликовано на портале: 17-09-2008
Patrick L. Bajari, Charles Lanier Benkard, Jonathan David Levin
Econometrica.
2007.
Vol. 75.
No. 5.
P. 1331 - 1370.
We describe a two-step algorithm for estimating dynamic games under the assumption
that behavior is consistent with Markov Perfect Equilibrium. In the first step, the
policy functions and the law of motion for the state variables are estimated. In
the second step, the remaining structural parameters are estimated using the optimality
conditions for equilibrium. The second step estimator is a simple simulated minimum
distance estimator. The algorithm applies to a broad class of models, including I.O.
models with both discrete and continuous controls such as the Ericson and Pakes (1995)
model. We test the algorithm on a class of dynamic discrete choice models with normally
distributed errors, and a class of dynamic oligopoly models similar to that of Pakes
and McGuire (1994).
Опубликовано на портале: 17-09-2008
Victor Aguirregabiria
Review of Economic Studies.
1999.
Vol. 66.
No. 2.
P. 275-308.
This paper is concerned with the interaction between price and inventory decisions
in retailing firms and its implications for the dynamics of markups and the existence
of sales promotions. The author considers a model where a monopolistically competitive
retailer decides price and inventories, and assumes lump-sum costs when placing orders
or changing nominal prices.
Опубликовано на портале: 17-09-2008
Chad Syverson
Journal of Political Economy.
2004.
Vol. 112.
No. 6.
Many studies have documented large and persistent productivity differences across
producers, even within narrowly defined industries. This paper both extends and departs
from the past literature, which focused on technological explanations for these differences,
by proposing that demand-side features also play a role in creating the observed
productivity variation.
Опубликовано на портале: 17-09-2008
Amil K. Petrin
Journal of Political Economy.
2002.
Vol. 110.
No. 4.
P. 705-729.
This paper proposes a technique for obtaining more precise estimates of demand and
supply curves when one is constrained to market-level data. The technique allows
one to augment market share data with information relating consumer demographics
to the characteristics of the products they purchase.
Опубликовано на портале: 27-08-2008
А.А. Иголкин
TERRA ECONOMICUS.
2008.
Т. 6.
№ 1.
С. 87-93.
Сегодня нефтяной сектор в наименьшей мере – за последние сто лет – служит интересам населения России. Доходы от экспортируемой нефти почти не превращаются в так нужные для страны инвестиции, он не служит «локомотивом экономики».
Опубликовано на портале: 25-08-2008
Р.В. Калеев
TERRA ECONOMICUS.
2007.
Т. 5.
№ 1.
С. 128-140.
Телевизионный рекламный рынок России переживает поворотный момент, когда акцент в его развитии постепенно смещается из столичных городов, Москвы и Санкт-Петербурга, в регионы. Этот процесс сопряжен с некоторыми трудностями, обусловленными экономическими и институциональными особенностями российских регионов. В данной статье представлена попытка проанализировать эволюцию институтов национального и регионального телевизионных рекламных рынков, а также выделить основные проблемы и тенденции в области институционального развития телевизионной рекламы в регионах.
Опубликовано на портале: 20-08-2008
А.Б. Жерукова
TERRA ECONOMICUS.
2006.
Т. 4.
№ 2.
С. 128-133.
Вхождение аграрного сектора в рынок предопределяет смену форм собственности и хозяйствования, трансформацию экономических приоритетов и в целом изменение сути экономических отношений.
Опубликовано на портале: 20-08-2008
А.В. Алешин
TERRA ECONOMICUS.
2006.
Т. 4.
№ 1.
С. 159-164.
В условиях распространения региональных парадигм и подходов в экономических исследованиях последнего времени, объясняемых усилением значимости территориального фактора в выборе направлений трансформаций и перевода на инновационный путь развития российской экономики, исключительное значение приобретает институциональное оформление устойчивого взаимодействия всех участников научно-технической и производственной сферы посредством развития единой инновационной инфраструктуры, обеспечивающей эффективное использование аккумулируемого разномасштабными субъектами бизнеса национального научного и технологического потенциалов.
Обыкновенный монополизм [статья]
Опубликовано на портале: 20-08-2008
Октай Юсуфович Мамедов
TERRA ECONOMICUS.
2006.
Т. 4.
№ 1.
С. 5-6.
Экономическая теория давно выяснила: монополия; это плохо. Всюду и всегда.
Правда, когда речь заходит о естественной монополии, экономисты начинают
отводить глаза, невнятно бормоча, что, увы, здесь даже Антимонопольный комитет бессилен.
В статье изучается проявление монополизма на железнодорожном транспорте в России.
Опубликовано на портале: 19-08-2008
Надежда Михайловна Розанова
TERRA ECONOMICUS.
2006.
Т. 4.
№ 1.
С. 32-47.
В настоящее время проблема соотношения промышленной политики и антимонопольного регулирования находится в центре внимания как теоретических дискуссий, так и практики функционирования различных государственных органов. В данной работе изучается опыт зарубежных стран в достижении оптимального баланса интересов между двумя видами экономического воздействия государства на поведение рыночных агентов.
Опубликовано на портале: 24-12-2007
Helmut Fryges, Joachim Wagner
ZEW Discussion Papers.
2007.
No. 07-032.
A recent survey of 54 micro-econometric studies reveals that exporting firms are
more productive than non-exporters. On the other hand, previous empirical studies
show that exporting does not necessarily improve productivity. One possible reason
for this result is that most previous studies are restricted to analysing the relationship
between a firm’s export status and the growth of its labour productivity, using
the firms’ export status as a binary treatment variable and comparing the performance
of exporting and non-exporting firms. In this paper, we apply the newly developed
generalised propensity score (GPS) methodology that allows for continuous treatment,
that is, different levels of the firms’ export activities. Using the GPS method
and a large panel data set for German manufacturing firms, we estimate the relationship
between a firm’s export-sales ratio and its labour productivity growth rate.
We find that there is a causal effect of firms’ export activities on labour
productivity growth. However, exporting improves labour productivity growth only
within a subinterval of the range of firms’ export-sales ratios.
Опубликовано на портале: 05-12-2007
Андрей Валерьевич Лукашов, Юрий Валерьевич Тюрин
Управление корпоративными финансами.
2007.
Т. 23.
№ 5.
С. 262-283.
В России именно нефтегазовый сектор в наибольшей степени интегрирован в глобальную экономику, следовательно, немалое зна чение имеет изучение международной практики
оценки стоимости нефтегазовых компаний, а также факторов их рыночной капитализации на глобальных биржах. В статье рассматриваются методы оценки стоимости и основные факторы формирования рыночной капитализации компаний группы Е&P, т. е. сектора нефтегазовой разведки и добычи.
Опубликовано на портале: 03-12-2007
Michael Hübler
Kiel Working Papers.
2007.
No. 1320.
The paper analyses a partial equilibrium outsourcing model with Cournot competition
in intermediate good production. Final production is located in western Europe, whereas
the intermediate good can be manufactured by a western (outsourcing) or eastern European
supplier (offshore outsourcing). Interregional production (factor) allocation depending
on factor prices and productivity levels is investigated analytically and graphically.
The main results are: Higher production costs in one region reduce intermediate good
production in both regions leading to a substitution effect between high- and low-skilled
labour intensive inputs rather than between eastern and western low-skilled labour
intensive inputs. The sensitivity of outsourcing activities to production cost changes
is highest when the interregional cost differential is smallest.
Опубликовано на портале: 03-12-2007
Stefan Napel, Andrea Schneider
Fächergruppe Volkswirtschaftslehre Diskussionspapiere.
2006.
No. 52.
The paper investigates the effects of intra-family talent transmission when human
capital exhibits indivisibilities and parental financing of education involves borrowing
constraints. Positive talent correlation reduces social mobility but steady state
inequality and macroeconomic history-dependence are not affected.
Опубликовано на портале: 03-12-2007
Michel Fouquin, Laurence Nayman, Laurent Wagner
Economics Discussion Papers.
2007.
No. 2007-18.
This paper investigates the determinants of intra-firm trade of multinational firms
located in France, using data on French companies. Results on the vertical pattern
of production networks differ according to the affiliates’ location. Lower
wage and transportation costs in the developing countries increase, as expected,
the vertical segmentation of production. In the developed countries, lower trade
and unit wage costs, and hence, a strong and positive labour productivity matter
a lot in explaining French MNCs’ preferences. Among the other variables of
interest, partnership and market potential have been given special attention. The
results substantiate a mix of vertical and horizontal FDI, mainly when we separate
out capital intensive from labour intensive intermediate products.
Опубликовано на портале: 03-12-2007
Ole Boysen, Carsten Schröder
VOLKSWIRTSCHAFTLICHE REIHE.
2005.
Nr. 2005/15.
In this article, we simulate the concentration process within the German dairy sector
employing a sector–wide optimization model. As a result, we get cost minimizing
structures of the dairy sector for various time horizons depending on varying levels
of transportation costs. We show that the model is capable of describing the current
trend characterized by a decrease of the number of dairies while average capacity
increases and that – ceteris paribus – this trend is likely to continue.
In contrast, the trend may weaken or reverse if transportation costs rise in comparison
to other types of costs.
Опубликовано на портале: 03-12-2007
Oliver Lipps, Uwe Kunert
DIW Berlin Discussion Papers.
2005.
No. 492.
Spatial mobility in the industrialised countries is ever increasing. In West-Germany
the total mileage travelled annually by all modes of transportation grew by 40 %
over the last two decades (1982 to 2002) to 900 billion kilometres, with the reliance
on the use of the car becoming more pronounced. Now 80 % of travel as measured in
kilometres is by car drivers and passengers.
Опубликовано на портале: 03-12-2007
Bernhard Wieland, Tina Seidel, Andreas Matthes, Bernhard Schlag
Diskussionsbeiträge aus dem Institut für Wirtschaft und Verkehr.
2004.
No. 2/2004.
The last two decades have seen a substantial change in the basic philosophy underlying
European transportation policy. Due to the Commission’s efforts and due to
supporting jurisdiction by the European Court of Justice the dominant approach to
transportation policy has become far more market oriented. This change of approach
in transportation policy will only be successful and sustainable if the problem of
acceptability will be solved. For researchers this entails that their perspective
must change from the normative to the positive aspects of transportation policy-making.
This paper reports work undertaken within research project TIPP (Transportation Institutions
in the Policy Process) funded by the European Commission. In this work it has been
attempted to develop a theoretical structure that merges the positive economic theory
of regulation with cognitive psychology and traffic psychology. This theoretical
structure offers a matrix of actors and factors that are seen to be essential for
success or failure in the implementation of a certain measure of transport policy.
Four case studies were carried out in order to check the plausibility of this approach.
The case studies are the failure of the German Railway (Deutsche Bahn AG) to introduce
a new tariff system in passenger transport in the period 2002-2003, the attempt to
introduce a toll for HGVs in Germany, the failure to operate a private tolled motorway
in Hungary (M1/M15), the failure to introduce a road-pricing system in the densely
populated Randstad area in the Netherlands.
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