Всего публикаций в данном разделе: 2071
Опубликовано на портале: 28-04-2005
Roberto J. Garcia, Dragan Miljkovic, Miguel I. Gomez
Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics.
1998.
Vol. 30.
No. 1.
P. 201-215.
The objectives of this study were (a) to determine the degree to which hard currency
earnings constrained overall-imports and coarse grain imports in command economies;
(b)
to measure the importance of import prices on grain imports and to trace the link
of grain
availability to meat production; and (c) to determine how economic and political
reforms
in the selected countries may have affected the hard currency constraint, the importance
of import prices, and grain imports and meat production. The results indicate that
import
demand was constrained by earnings of hard currency, but was not responsive to world
prices, and meat production was affected by total grain availability, including imports.
Опубликовано на портале: 28-04-2005
Tong Han, Thomas I. Wahl
Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics.
1998.
Vol. 30.
No. 1.
P. 141-150.
A two-stage budgeting LES-LA/AIDS system is used to estimate rural household demand
in China with special emphasis on changes in demand for fruit and vegetable commodities
across different income groups. The own-price elasticity for food was found to be
more
elastic than that for clothing, housing, durable goods, and other items. Within the
food
group, price elasticities range from – 1.042 to –0.019. Grain, with an
expenditure elasticity
of almost unity, is an important staple food for the average rural household. Vegetables
are important nonstaple foods relative to fruits. Lower value vegetables are the
most price
elastic in the vegetable group. Fruits are more price elastic than vegetables, with
grapes
being the most price elastic. Different income groups share a common demand function.
Опубликовано на портале: 28-04-2005
Charles W. Abdalla, James Shaffer
Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics.
1999.
Vol. 29.
No. 1.
P. 57-71.
Industrialization of the food and agricultural sectors changes the pattern of external
effects.
Participants helped or harmed in the process attempt to influence outcomes through
markets
and politics. Decisions about property rights and boundaries determine benefits and
burdens
and the relative cost of animal agriculture in different jurisdictions. Prescriptions
to redefine
property rights are influenced by selective perception of rights to share in the
benefits and
be protected from costs. Political choices about the appropriate jurisdiction (state
versus
local) for addressing environmental and nuisance effects of animal agriculture affect
whose
preferences count and will influence the development of these sectors.
On the Estimation of Advertising Effects for Branded Products: An Application to Spaghetti Sauces [статья]
Опубликовано на портале: 28-04-2005
Oral Capps, Seong-Cheon See, John P. Nichols
Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics.
1997.
Vol. 29.
No. 2.
P. 291-302.
Using IRI Infoscan data pertaining to six types of spaghetti sauces and employing
an
extension of the demand systems framework developed by Duffy, estimates are obtained
of own-price, cross-price, and total expenditure elasticities as well as own- and
cross-product
advertising elasticities. We augment the Duffy model through the use of a polynomial
inverse lag mechanism to deal with the carryover effects of advertising. We also
account for the impacts of features in newspaper fliers, in-store displays, and coupons.
Advertising efforts by industry leaders in spaghetti sauce produce positive own-advertising
elasticities (ranging from .000058 to .0168) and negative cross-advertising elasticities
(ranging from –.000003 to –.0094). Own-price elasticities are in the
elastic range, and
nearly all compensated cross-price effects are positive, indicative of Hicksian substitutes.
Опубликовано на портале: 28-04-2005
Marc O. Ribaudo, Terrance M. Hurley
Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics.
1997.
Vol. 29.
No. 1.
P. 87-97.
Restricting or eliminating the use of atrazine in the Midwest would have important
economic
consequences for farmers, consumers, and the environment. These consequences
can only be evaluated with cooperation between economists and weed scientists. The
weed
control choice set available to farmers cannot be observed through deductive research.
Economists and weed scientists worked together to identify all possible weed control
strategies
for corn and sorghum in the Midwest and to incorporate them into an economic
model. An atrazine ban was found to be the costliest strategy, and a targeted, water-quality
based strategy the most cost effective.
Опубликовано на портале: 28-04-2005
Sri R.M. Andayani, Daniel S. Tilley
Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics.
1997.
Vol. 29.
No. 2.
P. 279-289.
Indonesia is a rapidly growing and competitive market for U.S. fruit. A restricted,
source differentiated,
almost ideal demand system is estimated for apples, oranges, grapes, and
other fruit in Indonesia. The Marshallian expenditure elasticities for U.S. fruit
are estimated
to be between 1.01 and 1.21. For grapes and oranges, competition with other fruits
appears
to be more important than competition with other supply sources. For apples, strong
source differentiated
substitution relationships are found.
Опубликовано на портале: 28-04-2005
Brett D. Begemann
Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics.
1997.
Vol. 29.
No. 1.
P. 117-122.
The agricultural biotechnology industry has evolved from a focus on outstanding science
to a more mature phase where firms focus on new-term products and building businesses.
Understanding complex relationships and distribution channels and a global perspective
are crucial to commercialization. Yet, leading-edge technology and early identification
of
key traits will be critical to developing superior products that ensure competitiveness
in
the marketplace. Monsanto is organizing around a life sciences model where seed,
crop
chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and food ingredient businesses will exploit mutual synergies
driven by basic science and discovery.
Опубликовано на портале: 28-04-2005
Nobuhiro Suzuki, Harry M. Kaiser
Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics.
1997.
Vol. 29.
No. 2.
P. 315-325.
This article examines whether the assumption of perfect competition in the U.S. dairy
industry biases the findings of economic impacts of generic dairy advertising. An
imperfect
competition model based on an approach similar to that of Appelbaurn is developed
and
used to evaluate generic milk advertising. The results are compared with a perfect
competition
model. The findings indicate positive price and quantity impacts due to generic
advertising. The differences in magnitude of impacts between the two models are small,
suggesting that the assumption of perfect competition for U.S. dairy models is plausible.
Induced Policy Innovation: Environmental Compliance Requirements for Dairies in
Texas and Florida [статья]
Опубликовано на портале: 28-04-2005
Amy Purvis Thurow, John Holt
Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics.
1997.
Vol. 29.
No. 1.
P. 17-36.
Environmental policies make a difference in shaping producers’ choices among
dairy production
technologies, the sizes and locations of their dairies, and even which dairies ultimately
survive. Induced policy innovation means producers reacting to policies, and policies,
in turn, being shaped by their effects. Profiles of experiences with environmental
compliance in Texas and Florida were analyzed. Results demonstrate that the timing
and
sequencing of policy signals make a difference in compliance behavior and options.
Furthermore,
ex ante assessments of the costs of environmental compliance are challenging
to carry out, and consequently can undermine the policy goal of maintaining the maximum
number of options for compliance.
Опубликовано на портале: 28-04-2005
Changping Chen, Don Ethridge, Stanley M. Fletcher
Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics.
1997.
Vol. 29.
No. 1.
P. 185-195.
This study provides an analysis of the price-quality relationships of U.S. cotton
using
primary data collected from textile manufacturers, the end users of fiber. Hedonic
prices
of fiber attributes are estimated for three production regions—West, South
Central, and
South—over the 1992–95 study period. Results indicate that cotton price
is determined by
quality attributes and nonquality factors in the end-use market. There are similarities
and
differences in valuation of fiber attributes based on region of origin of the cotton.
Опубликовано на портале: 28-04-2005
Jeffrey A. Michael
Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics.
1998.
Vol. 30.
No. 1.
P. 217-223.
The quantity of paper recycled in the U.S. has more than doubled since 1985. International
trade theory predicts that this will lead to reduced imports of paper, and a shift
in domestic
production toward waste paper intensive outputs (e.g., newsprint) and away from higher
grade products such as printing/writing paper. Import demand elasticities with respect
to
input prices were estimated for newsprint, printing/writing, and all paper utilizing
20 years
of monthly data. The empirical results confirm the predictions of theory, and illustrate
a
channel through which recycling may be more beneficial for U.S. industry than the
domestic
environment.
Опубликовано на портале: 27-04-2005
Helen H. Jensen, Laurian Unnevehr, Miguel I. Gomez
Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics.
1998.
Vol. 30.
No. 1.
P. 83-94.
Recently enacted food safety regulations require processors to meet product standards
for
microbial contamination in meat products. An analysis of the cost-effectiveness of
several
technological interventions for microbial control in beef and pork processing shows
that
marginal improvements in food safety can be obtained, but at increasing costs. The
additional
food safety intervention costs represent about 1% of total processing costs for beef
and pork, Some interventions and combinations are more cost-effective than others.
Опубликовано на портале: 27-04-2005
Jean C. Buzby, John A. Fox, Richard C. Ready, Stephen R. Crutchfield
Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics.
1998.
Vol. 30.
No. 1.
P. 69-82.
Microbial pathogens and pesticide residues in food pose a financial burden to society
which
can be reduced by incurring costs to reduce these food safety risks. We explore three
valuation techniques that place a monetary value on food safety risk reductions,
and we
present a case study for each: a contingent valuation survey on pesticide residues,
an
experimental auction market for a chicken sandwich with reduced risk of Salmonella,
and
a cost-of-illness analysis for seven food borne pathogens. Estimates from these techniques
can be used in cost benefit analyses for policies that reduce food safety risks.
Опубликовано на портале: 27-04-2005
Eric J. Wailes, Cheng Fang, Francis C. Tuan
Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics.
1998.
Vol. 30.
No. 1.
P. 113-126.
China’s agricultural trade expanded rapidly following economic reforms and
the open-door
policy adopted in the late 1970s. The composition of agricultural trade with China
follows
its labor-abundant and land-scarce resource endowment with imports of bulk and processed
intermediates and exports of consumer-ready and processed goods. Constraints on U.
S.-
China agricultural trade include tariffs, state trading, food security policies,
and other
nontariff barriers. Growth potential is based on China’s fundamental demand
forces including
the world’s largest population, a high real-income growth rate, an emerging
urban
middle class, and furthertrade reforms to be implemented through accession to the
World
Trade Organization.
Опубликовано на портале: 27-04-2005
Samarendu Mohanty, E. Wesley Peterson, Darnell B. Smith
Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics.
1998.
Vol. 30.
No. 2.
P. 267-276.
This study examines the Law of One Price (LOP) in international commodity markets
using fractional cointegration analysis. For proper evaluation of the LOP, fractional
cointegration
analysis seems to be appropriate because of its flexibility in capturing a wider
range of mean reversion behavior than standard cointegration analysis. Out of nine
pairs
of price series examined, fractional cointegration supports the existence of the
LOP in
eight cases, as compared to three cases using standard cointegration procedures.
Overall,
these results suggest that there is a long-run tendency for the LOP to hold for commodity
prices.
Опубликовано на портале: 27-04-2005
B.J. Hubbell, Rick Welsh
Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics.
2004.
Vol. 30.
No. 2.
P. 285-299.
Geographic concentration in US. hog production from 1974–96 is investigated
using a
measure based on Theil’s entropy index. For the U.S. as a whole, geographic
concentration
is occurring at a slow rate, both for hog farms and hog numbers. However, for particular
states, primarily in the new Southern Atlantic production region, concentration is
high and
increasing at a rapid pace. Concentration was increasing for the 23-year period for
16 out
of the 20 states in the analysis. Results indicate that geographic concentration
by augmentation
is occurring to the greatest degree in Arkansas, Missouri, North Carolina, Oklahoma,
and Pennsylvania.
Опубликовано на портале: 27-04-2005
P. Lynn Kennedy, Cereal Atici
Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics.
1998.
Vol. 30.
No. 2.
P. 277-284.
Complete agricultural trade liberalization between the United States and the European
Union is examined with respect to the agricultural sector. A static, partial equilibrium
model, distinguishing among the European Union, the United States, and a politically
passive rest of the world, is used to simulate agricultural free trade. The results
of this
research reveal how European Union and United States adoption of free trade affects
domestic and world prices, production, consumption, self-sufficiency, and welfare.
Опубликовано на портале: 27-04-2005
Evert van der Sluis, Willis L. Peterson
Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics.
1998.
Vol. 30.
No. 2.
P. 353-362.
Data from 100 farming-dependent counties in the U.S. are used to measure the impact
of
acreage reduction programs on the level of the rural nonfarm population. Results
of a
simultaneous equation model suggest that the programs had a negative influence on
the
number of rural nonfarm people, reducing the rural nonfarm population in these counties
by an estimated 15–16% over the 1960–90 period.
Опубликовано на портале: 27-04-2005
Ralph Bierlen, Bruce L. Ahrendsen, Bruce L. Dixon
Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics.
1998.
Vol. 30.
No. 2.
P. 363-377.
The sensitivity of farm inventory investment to movements in cash flow is tested.
Inventories
should be sensitive to shifts in cash flow because inventory investment is readily
reversible and inventories are a significant portion of assets. Investment models
estimated
with Kansas farm panel data indicate that: (a) farms absorb internal finance shocks
by
adjusting inventories, (b) the inventory investment of livestock and high-debt farms
are
more sensitive to movements in cash flow than crop and low-debt farms, and (c) inventory
investment is more sensitive to cash flow during the 1981–86 bust and the 198’7-92
recovery
than during the 1975–80 boom.
Опубликовано на портале: 27-04-2005
Steve W. Martinez, Kevin E. Smith, Kelly D. Zering
Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics.
1998.
Vol. 30.
No. 2.
P. 301-311.
This study examines the motivation behind contracts and vertical integration in the
pork
industry, and simulates the effects of potential improvements in coordination. Incentives
related to lowering costs of measuring and sorting hogs, and protecting against opportunistic
behavior associated with specific assets, can result in hog quality improvements.
A
framework for simulating the effects of increased coordination through contracts
and vertical
integration was developed and used to evaluate potential improvements in leanness.
Although simulations suggest only modest changes in pork prices and supplies, gains
in
consumers’ surplus could be substantial for larger demand shifts due to quality
improvements.
|
|