Всего публикаций в данном разделе: 320
Опубликовано на портале: 05-12-2006
Uta Gerhardt
International Sociology.
1990.
Vol. 5.
P. 337-355.
Parsons medical sociology has recently
been recognized for its importance to his theory of society. But the double focus
of his explanations of illness is not yet widely understood. It comprises a capacity
model based on economic thinking and a deviancy model based on psychoanalytic thought.
In the 1930s and 1940s Parsons undertook
to understand medical practice in order to focus on liberal democracy in modern society.
He used medical practice as an example and also as a metaphor to demonstrate the
mechanisms of liberal democracy as against those of capitalism , socialism and the
then contemporary racism. By considering this background, the link
between models of illness and the theory of society, established in The Social System,
ought to be recognized by Parsons’ critics who then might not have charged
him with advocating a non-democratic solution to the problem of how the social order
is possible. By recommending the recognition of the double focus of Parsons’
illness explanation, and its viability for his theory of action system, it is argued
that Parsons was criticized too readily
in the 1960s and that his humanistic standpoint can be recovered by focusing on his
early contribution to medical sociology.

Опубликовано на портале: 29-11-2006
Леонид Евсеевич Кесельман, Мария Георгиевна Мацкевич
Мониторинг общественного мнения: экономические и социальные перемены.
2000.
№ 6 (50).
С. 35-40.
Настоящая работа перекликается с вышедшей два года
назад книгой "Социальные координаты наркотизма", написанной на основе результатов анализа данных, полученных в опросах жителей Самары и Самарской области. Основная задача, которую мы пытались решить
тогда, заключалась в получении относительно надежных
представлений о самых общих социальных координатах
российского наркотизма. Весной 2000 г., после того как
в С.-Петербурге было проведено исследование, аналогичное самарскому, возникла возможность не только определить специфику изучаемого явления, но и проверить полученные ранее выводы.


Опубликовано на портале: 28-11-2006
William Cockerham
London, New York: Routledge, 1999
For the first time, life expectancy is declining in an industrialized society.
In this pioneering work, William C. Cockerham examines the social causes of the decline
in life expectancy beginning in the 1960s including: Russia, Poland, Hungary, Romania,
Bulgaria, the Czech Republic and East Germany. "Health and Social Change in Russia
and Eastern Europe" argues that the roots of this change are mainly social rather
than biomedical - the result of poor policy decisions, stress and an unhealthy diet.
Cockerham presents a theory of postmodern social change that goes beyond the borders
of Eastern Europe.


Опубликовано на портале: 28-11-2006
Christian Heath
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994
This book is based on a substantial collection of video recordings of everyday medical
consultations in the UK, and offers a micro-analysis of the visual and vocal aspects
of the interaction between doctors and patients. Using actual examples, accompanied
by numerous illustrations, Christian Health explores the moment-by-moment coordination
of body movement and speech by and between doctor and patient. He discusses various
aspects of medical examination, leavetaking, and the ways in which the participants
sustain each other's attention. He also raises certain practical issues of medical
work, such as the use of records and computers during the consultation, and the impact
of 'bureaucratic' demands on the flow of information between doctor and patient.
The book reveals the delicacy and precision which enter into the articulation and
synchrony of visual behaviour and speech, and throws light on the systematics - the
social organization - underlying the seeming minutiae of everyday life. In this way,
it contributes both to our understanding of doctor-patient communication, and to
the growing body of research on face-to-face interaction.



Опубликовано на портале: 28-11-2006
Renee R. Anspach
USA: University of California Press, 1993
In this powerful and probing look at the reality of everyday choices in neonatal
intensive care units, Renée Anspach explores the life-and-death dilemmas that
have fueled national debate. Using case studies taken during sixteen months of extensive
interviewing and observation, Anspach examines the roles of parents, doctors, nurses,
and bioethicists in deciding whether critically ill newborns--be they premature,
terminally ill, or severely malformed--should be saved by medical technology, or
at least kept alive a little longer.



Power & Conflict Between Doctors and Nurses: Breaking Through the Inner Circle in
Clinical Care [книги]
Опубликовано на портале: 28-11-2006
Maureen A. Coombs
New-York: Routledge, 2004, 148 с.
Through observations in three intensive care units, this book draws on the reality
of practice to explore how nurses and doctors work in intensive care settings. It
examines: the power held by the competing knowledge bases; the roles of the different
professions; the decision-making process; the sources of conflict; the need for change.
Drawing together sociological theories and clinical practice, Power and Conflict
Between Doctors and Nurses explores the role of nurses in delivering contemporary
health care. It makes a strong case for interdisciplinary working and is particularly
timely when health care policy is challenging work boundaries in health care.


Опубликовано на портале: 28-11-2006
Beverley Mcnamara
Crows Nest: Allen & Unwin, 2001
Beverley McNamara looks at death from a sociological perspective. Arguing that despite
popular belief death does not make us equal, she shows that dying is a chaotic and
uncertain process. Yet despite the disorderly manner in which people die, McNamara
demonstrates that social and cultural patterns can be found in the way we approach
dying and the care of terminally ill people. She examines the medicalisation of care
for the dying, attitudes of carers and the notion of the 'good death'. She also explores
the euthanasia debate and our fear of cancer.
Drawing on wide-ranging qualitative research, Fragile Lives is a sensitive analysis
of the social issues surrounding death.


Опубликовано на портале: 28-11-2006
Ред.: Graham Scambler
Изд-во: Routledge, 2004
Medical sociology was first recognizable as a distinct area of study in the 1950s
and is now probably the largest specialized area of sociology. This collection comprises
a comprehensive statement of the history, current concerns and relevance of medical
sociology to an understanding of health and health care worldwide.


Опубликовано на портале: 28-11-2006
Meira Weiss
Westport, Conn.: Bergin & Garvey, 1994
Questioning the myth of unconditional love between parents and children, this
study examines the strength of the parental bond when children are born with physical
defects. The author studied parents' behavior toward 1,450 children
born with defects in three hospitals in Israel, and then conducted follow-up studies
over a period of six years with 200 families in their homes. One of the major recurring
patterns of parental behavior was a massive tendency toward rejection of deformed
children. Rejection was manifested by parents' wishes for drastic separation from
their children through abandonment, institutionalization, or giving up for adoption.
If brought home, the children were isolated and hidden from view. Weiss found that
half of the newborns with physically observable defects were abandoned by their parents
in the hospital. Even when the parents were assured by doctors that their children
would develop intellectually or would not require special care, the tendency to abandon
remained strong. Normal children who suffered physical deformity due to burns or
other accidents were similarly rejected by their parents. This study will take a
major place in the literature on human behavior because through exhaustive and long-term
observation of actual behavior in thousands of individual situations, it exposes
the extreme importance of physical appearance in interpersonal relations. The author
describes how the deformity causes confusion in the parents' cognitive system, labelling
the child with a name such as monster or devil or creature, or another non-human
category. Parents' reactions to their children's body image are discussed and the
concept of body boundaries is analyzed. Children connected to medical apparatus or
sickly children are the cause of much parental rejection. Also, territorial restrictions
are placed on the deformed child in the home. These range from closeting or imprisoning
in unfurnished surroundings separate from the family to demotion to servant status
within the family. This study refutes most assumptions in the literature and shows
that forming bonds with one's biological child is not necessarily spontaneous, automatic,
or natural, and that every child undergoes a process of adoption or rejection based
on external appearance and whether or not that appearance matches the parents' image
of a "person." Hospital personnel, social workers, sociologists and anthropologists
will be profoundly influenced by this work, as will be all others who read it.


Опубликовано на портале: 28-11-2006
Ann Hill Beuf
Philadelphia.: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1979, 212 с.
This book focuses on the social situation of the hospitalized child in twentieth-century
America. It contends that the children's hospital has many of the characteristics
of depersonalization and enforced helplessness that are associated with other "total
institutions" in our society. The book also examines the interpersonal approaches
employed by staff and patients in dealing with the tensions created by the reality
of the total institution, on the one hand, and the more idealistic goals of the children's
hospital, on the other. The observations that underlie this book were carried out
by participant observation in two hospitals. In "County Hospital," where observations
were carried out in 1971 and 1972, the researcher also acted as a visitor to ill
children. At "Metropolis," observations were carried out in the admissions area,
the waiting rooms, and on the floors, where the researcher acted both as a worker
with the play-therapists and as a visitor. Extensive notes were made at the end of
each day. Ongoing fieldnotes were maintained and written in unobtrusive areas such
as in meetings or in the lobbies. This material was occasionally reinforced by notes
taken in other hospital settings. Chapters include discussion of the role of person-in-a-total-institution,
socialization for patienting, and coping strategies of children and hospital staff.

Опубликовано на портале: 28-11-2006
Ред.: David Mechanic, Marian Osterweis, Arthur Kleinman
USA: National Academy Press, 1987
Pain--it is the most common complaint presented to physicians. Yet pain is subjective--it
cannot be measured directly and is difficult to validate. Evaluating claims based
on pain poses major problems for the Social Security Administration (SSA) and other
disability insurers. This volume covers the epidemiology and physiology of pain;
psychosocial contributions to pain and illness behavior; promising ways of assessing
and measuring chronic pain and dysfunction; clinical aspects of prevention, diagnosis,
treatment, and rehabilitation; and how the SSA's benefit structure and administrative
procedures may affect pain complaints.



Опубликовано на портале: 28-11-2006
Bryan Stanley Turner
London: Routledge, 2000
Bryan Turner's book provides a framework for the development of a new sub-field,
namely the development of the body. Through an examination of various philosophical
traditions (phenomenology, philosophical anthropology, structuralism and postmodernism)
the book shows how the human body has been ignored or neglected by mainstream social
theory. In attempting to integrate these different traditions, Professor Turner demonstrates
how the absent body has impoverished, not only the sociology of health and illness
but also the very foundations of sociology itself. There are three major aspects
to this argument. Firstly, it is impossible to develop an adequate theory of social
action without a conception of the embodied social agent. Secondly the idea of embodiment
offers a fundamental critique of the positivistic side of the medical model of illness,
and thus offers a new theoretical basis for medical sociology. Thirdly following
the work of Michel Foucault, Turner demonstrates that medical practice functions
as a moral discourse, which produces a regulation of the body. In providing a general
account of the problem of the body in modern society, this study attempts to solve
many of the existing epistemological and theoretical difficulties in social theories
of the body. Turner has provided a major synthesis of his earlier work on the sociology
of the body, established the idea of embodiment as fundamental to the sociology of
health and illness, and pointed the way forward to new areas of cultural analysis.


Awareness of dying [книги]
Опубликовано на портале: 28-11-2006
Barney G. Glaser, Anselm Strauss
New-York: Aldine De Gruyter, 1965
A study of the process of dying in American hospitals focuses upon discernible recurrent
patterns of interaction between staff members, terminally ill patients, and their
families. Strauss and Glaser suppose that the expectation of death by both the
dying and the relatives are a key to understanding the interactions between
those people. Their choice of hospitals and stations allowed them to compare various
kinds of expectations. On a premature infant station, mortality was high but the
patients were not aware of their impeding deaths, while on an oncology station, dying
was slow and differences in the awareness of dying were very pronounced. The hypothesis results
in a theory on the influence of awareness on the interaction with dying people.


Опубликовано на портале: 28-11-2006
Ред.: Graham Scambler
London: Routledge, 2001
The German sociologist and philosopher, Jürgen Habermas, aided the understanding
of the nature of social change in the context of global capitalism. This book provides
an introduction to his work and shows how his theories can be applied to a wide range
of topics in the sociology of health and illness. In the light of Habermas' theories,
the authors look at: the nature of lay health knowledge; the doctor-patient relationship;
decision-making in health care; and rationing health care.



Опубликовано на портале: 28-11-2006
Ariela Royer
Westport, Conn.: Praeger Publishers, 1998
Many healthcare professionals are focusing their concerns on controlling symptoms
and minimizing physical distress while failing to deal with the social and psychological
factors related to living with long-term chronic illness. Ariela Royer makes an important
contribution to the study of health and illness behavior by showing the various strategies
chronically ill people use to manage their symptoms and overcome the consequences
of their particular illness, so they can live the most normal life possible and maintain
their self-esteem. In spite of the popular belief linking chronic illness mainly
to aging, most chronic problems extend across the life span. The author shows
various strategies the chronically ill may use to live with the uncertainty inherent
in chronic illness. She also discusses how one might try to overcome or to minimize
the salient social consequences of chronic illness, such as stigma and social isolation,
in order to get on with their lives.


Опубликовано на портале: 28-11-2006
David Armstrong
Изд-во: A Hodder Arnold Publication, 2003, 192 с.
The fifth edition of the classic textbook on sociology of medicine. The author explores
the origins, nature and context of illness in society, and provides a framework for
understanding the relationship between health, health care and the society in which
it occurs. The fifth edition is revised in light of recent research and changes in
healthcare provision. There are also new topics such as clinical governance, managed
care, and managed competition.


Опубликовано на портале: 28-11-2006
Catherine Ross, John Mirowsky
USA: Aldine Transaction, 2003
In examining why it is that people with higher socioeconomic status have better health
than lower-status individuals, Mirowsky and Ross utilizes their strength in survey
research on a broad national scale. Drawing on findings and ideas from many sciences,
including demography, economics, social psychology, and the health sciences, they
argue that education creates most of the association between higher social status
and better health. People who are well educated feel in control of their lives, which
encourages a healthy lifestyle. In addition, learned effectiveness, a practical end
of that education, enables them to find work that is autonomous and creative, thereby
promoting good health. The benefits of education to health are pervasive, cumulative,
and self-amplifying, growing across the life course. In this book, the authors challenge
received notions in medical sociology and public health, while extending the effects
of social stratification.


Опубликовано на портале: 28-11-2006
Richard Wilkinson
London, New York: Routledge, 1996, 272 с.
Among the developed countries it is not the richest societies which have the best
health, but those which have the smallest income differences between rich and poor.
Inequality and relative poverty have absolute effects: they increase death rates.
But why? How can smaller income differences raise average life expectancy?
Using examples from the USA, Britain, Japan and Eastern Europe, and bringing together
evidence from the social and medical sciences, Unhealthy Socities provides the explanation.
Healthy, egalitarian societies are more socially cohesive. They have a stronger community
life and suffer fewer of the corrosive effects of inequality. As well as inequality
weakening the social fabric, damaging health and increasing crime rates, Unhealthy
Societies shows that social cohesion is crucial to the quality of life.
The contrast between the material success and social failure of modern societies
marks an imbalance which needs attention. The relationship between health and equality
suggests that important social needs will go unmet without a larger measure of social
and distributive justice.


Опубликовано на портале: 28-11-2006
Samuel W. Bloom
New-York: Oxford University Press, 2002, 348 с.
The author provides an interpretation of historical events that intertwine the history
of medical sociology with changes in medical science and education; with the changing
economics, politics and practices of health care; with shifting social values; and
with the changing nature, status, and major concerns of sociology.


Опубликовано на портале: 28-11-2006
Jeffrey Weeks
Изд-во: Palgrave Macmillan, 1996, 288 с.
The new sociology of sexuality has a two-fold aim: to demonstrate how the social
shapes the sexual; and to analyse how the sexual in turn becomes a focal point for
personal identity, cultural anxiety value debates and political action. Drawing on
papers from the 1994 British Sociological Association annual conference on 'Sexualities
in Social Context', this volume brings together key contributors to this stimulating
new approach. Topics covered include theoretical developments, the relationship between
history and contemporary controversies, community and identity, especially in the
context of AIDS, value conflicts and changes in the meanings of intimacy. The book
as a whole offers a significant intervention into debates on sexuality, and a thoughtful
contribution to the broadening of the sociological agenda.

