Всего публикаций в данном разделе: 63941
Опубликовано на портале: 11-12-2002
Lucio Biggiero, Domenico Laise
2002
Organizational decisions are characterized by a multiplicity of choice criteria.
This property, which in reality affects virtually all human behaviors, prevents use
of the standard (neoclassical) theory of decisions based on the maximization of a
single criterion. Rather, the outranking methods developed by the French school of
operational research make it possible to deal with multicriterial choices and avoid
the defects of the naive method. This paper develops a paradigmatic example in order
to show the essential effects of the outranking methods and their compatibility with
the theory of limited rationality and satisfactory choices.


Опубликовано на портале: 11-12-2002
Dominique Jolly
2001
The paper distinguishes between two types of inter-firm alliances: endogamy and exogamy.
Endogamy occurs when partners share related profiles. On the opposite, exogamy appears
when allies exhibit unrelated profiles. It is suggested that endogamy serves for
accumulating similar resources and gaining scale effects while exogamy allows the
combination of differentiated competences and the achievement of symbiotic effects.
Two different cases are employed to infer practical recommendations regarding how
these different types of partnerships should be managed.


Опубликовано на портале: 11-12-2002
Adrian Atilio Caldart, Joan Enric Ricart
2002
During the last years a debate has raged within the field of Strategic Management
between a rational view (IO, Positioning School, Strategic Planning, Cybernetics)
and a Complex Adaptive Systems (CAS) view (Emergent strategies,complexity theory,
chaos theory) of the field. This paper attempts to shed some light around an issue
which must be clarified for the better development of such debate. Being the CAS
view a response to the new realities of environmental turbulence, it was discussed
which are the behavioral sources of such turbulence in order to clarify if such phenomena
is a qualitatively new reality of business environments, or simply a contingent but
circumstantial feature affecting many industries. For this purpose, the authors introduced
and applied a theoretical model that conceives the strategy of the firm, as a dialectic
process in a situation of conflict.


Опубликовано на портале: 11-12-2002
Dee Brereton, Oswald Jones
2002
The topic of entrepreneurship has been the subject of a considerable amount of academic
interest over the last twenty years. Despite a vast amount of published work there
have been very few attempts to study the entrepreneurial process. In other words,
we know little of the what happens as an entrepreneur moves from idea to the objective
reality of a fully functioning business. A more recent phenomenon has been the shift
from a focus on entrepreneurial traits to the study of entrepreneurial networks.
This is recognition that even the most individualistic of entrepreneurs rely heavily
on their social relationships during the creation of a new business. These two factors,
networks and the entrepreneurial process, are brought together in this paper which
utilises a first-hand account of activities associated with business startups. The
paper also examines the way in which MBA education provides useful skills to even
the most experienced entrepreneur.


Опубликовано на портале: 11-12-2002
Erik Lerdahl
2002
This article presents a new method for the development of product ideas, where the
initial focus for development is not product ideas, but fantasy worlds. Based on
a mental visualization session groups develop fantasy worlds through writing stories
in circles. Some of these stories are acted out in scenario play. Phrases from these
stories are then used as basis for idea development. This method gives interesting
ideas that would be hard to come up with through traditional brainstorming. It helps
to get a broader and deeper understanding of the design task and it strongly influences
the
team spirit and atmosphere. The method is presented through a case with industrial
design students in Oslo, where the task was to develop new mouth hygiene products
for the Norwegian company Jordan.


Evaluating Firm Performance: Why Firms Need To Reengineer Their Performance Measurement
Systems [книги]
Опубликовано на портале: 11-12-2002
Rickie Moore, E.M. Lyon
2002
This paper argues that executives and managers need to reevaluate and to reengineer
their performance measurement system to make it more pertinent so that it would serve
as an effective trigger as well as a critical piloting and control mechanism for
effecting strategic management intervention.


Опубликовано на портале: 11-12-2002
Bruno Cassiman, Reinhilde Veugelers
2002
Successful innovation depends on the development and integration of new knowledge
in the innovation process. In order to successfully innovate, the firm will combine
different innovation activities. In addition to doing own research and development,
firms typically are engaged in the acquisition of knowledge on the technology market
and cooperate actively in R&D with other firms and research organizations. In this
paper the authors provide evidence on complementarity between different innovation
activities. Using data from the Community Innovation Survey on Belgian
manufacturing firms, the authors show that firms that are only engaged in a single
innovation
strategy, either internal R&D activities or sourcing technology externally, introduced
fewer new or substantially improved products compared to firms which combine
internal and external sourcing. This result is consistent with complementarity between
own R&D and external technology sourcing activities. Furthermore, the authors show
that the
different innovation activities are strongly positively correlated and identify common
drivers, resulting in the perceived complementarity between these innovation
activities. An important finding is that a capacity to strategically protect intellectual
property and a more basic R&D base which may serve as an absorptive capacity, are
important common drivers for the different innovation activities.


Опубликовано на портале: 11-12-2002
Morten Huse, Jonas Gabrielsson
2002
Considerable attention has been directed towards corporate governance issues in recent
years. There are however various limitations in the international mainstream research
on
boards of directors. Few studies address research questions beyond investigating
the
relationship between board composition and company performance. Most research is
moreover based on empirical evidence from large publicly held US corporations. This
paper summarises the accumulated knowledge from 100 student reports on boards of
directors in Scandinavia. The contributions of the reports show the need to explore
the
influence of various contingencies, and also to take various stakeholder perspectives
into
account when researching corporate governance and boards of directors. The reports
also
show the need to go beyond counting only numbers of directors to gain insight into
board
working structures and relationships between directors and managers. Several advantages
compared to the US mainstream research tradition can in this connection be found
in
Scandinavian research about boards of directors.


International Journal of Forecasting [интернет ресурс]
Обновлено: 09-12-2010
The International Journal of Forecasting is the leading journal in its field. It is the official publication of the International Institute of Forecasters (IIF) and shares its aims and scope. More information about

Time Series [учебная программа]
Опубликовано на портале: 11-12-2002
Guido M. Kuersteiner
The course is an introduction to univariate and multivariate time series models.
It starts by introducing basic concepts and progresses to more complicated models.
The course intends to meet two goals. It provides tools for empirical work with time
series data and is an introduction into the theoretical foundation of time series
models.



Опубликовано на портале: 10-12-2002
Lars Behrenz
Journal of Applied Economics.
2001.
Vol. 4.
No. 2.
P. 255-278.
In the literature of labor economics we find many examples of studies analyzing job
seekers search behavior, but few examples of the corresponding analysis of the recruitment
behavior of employers. This paper gives a picture of the recruitment behavior of
Swedish employers. The analysis is based on about 800 telephone interviews with employers
regarding the last person they had hired. This paper relates the lemons problem in
Akerlof with the Spence signaling model, and then it proceeds to relate indices and
signals to the hiring behavior of employers. Employers mainly recruit personnel in
order to expand a certain activity of their firm. On an average the total recruitment
process takes about a month. In first round employers mainly look for job seekers
with good education and experience. During the job interview the employer search
for persons with professional knowledge, personal engagement and social competence



Опубликовано на портале: 10-12-2002
Cara L. Brown
Feminist Economics.
1998.
Vol. 4.
No. 2.
P. 89-95(7) .
In attempting to ascertain various impacts on labor market outcomes using categories
such as gender, race, ethnicity, and physical ability, a void exists with respect
to sexual orientation. Whereas heterosexism and homophobia can explain some of the
reasons for the void, the inability to collect data randomly about homosexuals' experiences
in the labor market nullifies the basic tenet of all scientific research-random samples.
A unique approach is presented which looks at income data for nonrelatives of the
same sex, ages 45 to 64, living together in Canada, as a first attempt at comparing
same-sex and opposite-sex genders, and is used to demonstrate the contribution of
recognizing sexual orientation to economic questions. Other examples based on well-known
debates about female labor participation and gender wage gaps are presented to evaluate
the usefulness of studying economics recognizing sexual orientation. The need for
such study is acknowledged as a measure of the inclusiveness of the economics discipline.

Опубликовано на портале: 10-12-2002
John J. Piderit
International Journal of Social Economics.
1998.
Vol. 25.
No. 1112.
P. 1684-1698.
In his economic writings John Paul II asserts the importance of placing the human
person at the center of deliberations concerning the economy. Neoclassical economists
show that free trade enhances the efficiency of society. However, a byproduct of
free trade is greater competition, as countries and firms adjust to the introduction
of new products and processes of production, made possible through technological
innovation. Neoclassical economists assume that workers will move to where new jobs
develop. In many cases, however, this means that they impose burdens on their family
and become more distant from friends. Each human person establishes bonds with other
persons; through such family bonds of friendship a person becomes more human. This
essay explores the tension between greater productive efficiency and a desire to
maintain and enhance friendships. Never merely objective analysts, neoclassical economists
have strong convictions concerning dynamic efficiency, while consumers have convictions
about friendship. These two sets of convictions have to be reconciled. In order for
policy makers to assess the true costs of free trade, mobility measures must be developed,
and the neoclassical model must be modified to incorporate geographical stability
as a significant factor for consumers.

Establishing the Priority of Labor
[статья]
Опубликовано на портале: 10-12-2002
G.Paul Peterson, James A. Buss
International Journal of Social Economics.
1998.
Vol. 25.
No. 1112.
P. 1699-1710(12) .
Pope John Paul II and the social teachings of the Catholic Church emphasize that
labor should not be treated as an instrument in the production process. Rather justice
requires that labor be given priority over capital. The reasons for this priority
are explained. Several labor market conditions are examined to show that generally
the priority of labor over capital does not exist. These conditions include unemployment,
unjust wages, poverty, suppression of union activities, lack of participatory management,
and discrimination against women and foreign workers. The works of Pope John Paul
II are examined to discern the causes of these injustices and possible remedies for
them. The roles played by the indirect employer, structures of evil, the ownership
of economic resources, as well as the error of economism are considered.

Опубликовано на портале: 10-12-2002
Bertil Holmlund
Scandinavian Journal of Economics.
1998.
Vol. 100.
No. 1.
P. 113-141.
A hallmark of modern labor economics is the close interplay between the development
of theory, data sources and econometric testing. The evolution of the economic analysis
of unemployment insurance provides a good illustration. New theoretical approaches,
in particular job-search theory, have inspired a large amount of empirical research,
some of it methodologically innovative and most of it highly relevant for economic
policy. The paper presents a broad survey and an assessment of the economic analysis
of unemployment insurance as it has evolved since the 1970s.

Gross Job Flows in Russian Industry Before and After Reforms: Has Destruction Become
More Creative? [статья]
Опубликовано на портале: 10-12-2002
J. David Brown, John S. Earle
Journal of Comparative Economics.
2002.
Vol. 30.
No. 1.
P. 96-133.
This paper uses 1985-1999 manufacturing census data for old Russian enterprises to
calculate the magnitude and productivity effects of gross job flow rates before and
after reforms. Job creation was low throughout the period in this sector, but increased
slightly during the transition, while job destruction rose markedly. Heterogeneity
in firm employment change also increased significantly. Intra- and inter-sectoral
job reallocation had no effect on aggregate labor productivity during the socialist
period, while they have made a strong positive contribution during the transition.
Privatization and product market competition have not led to greater job destruction
overall, but rather have helped to focus the destruction in the firms with the lowest
productivity.


The Great Human Capital Reallocation: A Study of Occupational Mobility in Transitional
Russia [статья]
Опубликовано на портале: 10-12-2002
Klara S. Sabirianova
Journal of Comparative Economics.
2002.
Vol. 30.
No. 1.
P. 191-217.
This paper employs the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey, a nationwide
panel, to inquire into the magnitude, determinants, and consequences of occupational
mobility in Russia from 1985 to 1998. We show that the restructuring process increases
the rate of occupational reallocation. Structural changes account for a substantial
part of
the increase in gross occupational flows. A model built in the paper outlines the
major
explanatory factors of increased mobility during transition. The empirical analysis
demonstrates that the destruction of existing jobs and occupations and the creation
of new
opportunities are important explanations for increased occupational mobility in
transitional Russia. The econometric results also indicate that the local outside
opportunities and the scale of structural change largely determine the probability
of
occupational switching.


Опубликовано на портале: 10-12-2002
Jozef Konings, Hartmut Lehmann
Journal of Comparative Economics.
2002.
Vol. 30.
No. 1.
P. 134-159.
Using a unique enterprise-level data set, which covers the regions Moscow City, Chelyabinsk,
Krasnoyarsk and Chuvashia and the three sectors manufacturing and mining, construction
and trade and distribution, we estimate Russian labour demand equations for the year
1997. The most important conclusion that can be drawn is that labour demand is inelastic
in international perspective if we estimate a labour demand equation for all regions
and all sectors combined. So, Russian MLEs well into the transition still exhibit
peculiar behaviour as far as wage employment trade-offs are concerned. We try to
relate this inelastic labour demand to basic neoclassical theory by testing Marshalls
rules of derived demand. Our results show that testing these rules seems a promising
avenue for establishing some of the driving forces, which are behind labour demand
in Russia.


Опубликовано на портале: 10-12-2002
Barbara Petrongolo
Journal of Labor Economics.
2001.
Vol. 19.
No. 3.
P. 716-41.
The assumption of constant returns in the matching function, embodied in most bilateral
search models, is crucial to ensure the uniqueness of the unemployment rate along
a steady-state growth path. This article explores the empirical viability of this
assumption by estimating individual reemployment probabilities on a sample of unemployment
entrants. I apply hazard models to survey data on both completed and uncompleted
unemployment durations. The hypothesis of constant returns to matching is not rejected,
on the basis of the evidence that the job-finding hazard depends only on local labor
market tightness and is independent of its size.


Market Forces and Sex Discrimination [статья]
Опубликовано на портале: 08-12-2002
Judith K. Hellerstein, David Neumark, Kenneth R. Troske
Journal of Human Resources.
2002.
Vol. 37 .
No. 2 .
P. 353-380.
The authors report new evidence on the existence of sex discrimination in wages and
whether competitive market forces act to reduce or eliminate discrimination. Specifically,
they use plant- and firm-level data to examine the relationships between profitability,
growth and ownership changes, product market power, and the sex composition of a
plant's or firm's workforce. Their strongest finding is that among plants with high
levels of product market power, those that employ relatively more women are more
profitable. No such relationship exists for plants with apparently low levels of
market power. This is consistent with sex discrimination in wages in the short run
in markets where plants have product market power. The authors also examine evidence
on the longer-run effects of market forces on discrimination, asking whether discriminatory
employers with market power are punished over time through lower growth than non-discriminatory
employers, or whether discriminatory employers are bought out by non-discriminators.
There was found little evidence that this occurs over a five-year period, as growth
and ownership changes for plants with market power are generally not significantly
related to the sex composition of a plant's workforce.


