Explaining the Social Patterns of Depression: Control and Problem Solving - or Support and Talking?
Опубликовано на портале: 19-02-2007
Journal of Health and Social Behavior.
1989.
Vol. 30.
No. 2.
P. 206-219.
Тематический раздел:
Research on the social patterns of depression in the community finds consistently
that high levels of education and income, being male, and being married are associated
with lower levels of depression. Authors attempt to explain these patterns as the
result of two essential social perceptions: the sense of controlling one's own life
rather than being at the mercy of powerful others and outside forces, and the sense
of having a supportive and understanding person to talk to in times of trouble. In
theory, the sense of control reduces depression because it encourages active problem
solving, and the sense of support reduces depression because it provides others to
talk to. They find evidence for the first proposition: persons who feel in control
of their lives are more likely to attempt to solve problems. Perceived control and
problem solving decrease depression and largely explain the effects of income and
education on depression. At the same time they find, however, that support has mixed
effects. Support decreases depression, but talking to others when faced with a problem,
which increases with the level of support, increases depression. Support explains
a small part of the effect of marriage on depression. Control and support have an
interactive effect on depression, suggesting that control and support can substitute
for one another to decrease depression: a high level of one reduces the need for
the other, and a low level of one is remedied by a high level of the other.
Ключевые слова
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